Outlines of Political Economy: Being a Republication of the Article Upon that Subject Contained in the Edinburgh Supplement to the Encyclopedia Britannica. Together with Notes Explanatory and Critical, and a Summary of the ScienceWilder & Campbell, 1825 - 188 trang |
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OUTLINES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY J. R. (John Ramsay) 1789-186 McCulloch,John M'Vickar Không có bản xem trước - 2016 |
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accumulation Adam Smith advantage agriculture average rate capital employed capitalists cause cent classes colonies comforts commerce commodities common and average comparative competition consequently consumed consumption corn corn laws cost of production cultivation demand diminished division of labour duce duction economists Edinburgh Review effect employment enable England enjoyments equally error exchangeable value expense exportation fertility former greater immediate labour improvement increased individual industry interest land laws limited machine machinery Malthus manufactures market price means ment merchant modities monopoly national wealth natural price necessary obtain operation opinions paid Political Economy population portion principle prosperity quantity of labour raised rate of profit rate of wages raw produce regulating render rent Ricardo rise says sect Sir Josiah Child society soil species supply suppose surplus thing tion trade unproductive Wealth of Nations workmen writers yield
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Trang 160 - There is one sort of labour which adds to the value of the subject upon which it is bestowed: there is another which has no such effect. The former, as it produces a value, may be called productive; the latter, unproductive labour.
Trang 108 - He is liable, in consequence, to be frequently without any. What he earns, therefore, while he is employed, must not only maintain him while he is idle, but make him some compensation for those anxious and desponding" moments which the thought of so precarious a situation must sometimes occasion.
Trang 161 - It is, as it were, a certain quantity of labour stocked and stored up, to be employed, if necessary, upon some other occasion. That subject, or, what is the same thing, the price of that subject, can afterwards, if necessary, put into motion a quantity of labour equal to that which had originally produced it.
Trang 171 - What is annually saved is as regularly consumed as what is annually spent, and nearly in the same time too ; but it is consumed by a different set of people.
Trang 161 - Like the declamation of the actor, the harangue of the orator, or the tune of the musician, the work of all of them perishes in the very instant of its production.
Trang 161 - The labour of some of the most respectable orders in the society is like that of menial servants, unproductive of any value, and does not fix or realize itself in any permanent subject or vendible commodity, which endures after that labour is past, and for which an equal quantity of labour could afterwards be procured.
Trang 161 - The labour of the latter, however, has its value, and deserves its reward as well as that of the former. But the labour of the manufacturer fixes and realizes itself in some particular subject or vendible commodity, which lasts for some time at least after that labour is past.
Trang 161 - Though the manufacturer has his wages advanced to him by his master, he, in reality, costs him no expense...
Trang 121 - Corn is not high because a rent is paid, but a rent is paid because corn is high...