A History of Western Civilization ...Prentice-Hall, Incorporated, 1939 |
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... turned for support to the regular clergy . During the next hundred years the monk was the most effective instrument that worked for papal supremacy and spiritual reform in the church . During the twelfth century , the papacy engaged in ...
... turned for support to the regular clergy . During the next hundred years the monk was the most effective instrument that worked for papal supremacy and spiritual reform in the church . During the twelfth century , the papacy engaged in ...
Trang 403
... turned into graz- ing land . Nearly one half of the total crop was wheat , and a considerable part of the remainder was barley and oats . On many manors the flocks and herds belonged to the lord and were tended by a bound herdsman ...
... turned into graz- ing land . Nearly one half of the total crop was wheat , and a considerable part of the remainder was barley and oats . On many manors the flocks and herds belonged to the lord and were tended by a bound herdsman ...
Trang 748
... turned into sheep pastures , but most of the huge flocks of sheep in the fourteenth , fifteenth , and six- teenth centuries grazed on land that had never been under cultivation . Moreover , this land was not enclosed in any but the ...
... turned into sheep pastures , but most of the huge flocks of sheep in the fourteenth , fifteenth , and six- teenth centuries grazed on land that had never been under cultivation . Moreover , this land was not enclosed in any but the ...
Nội dung
GROWTH OF IDEALS OF LIBERTY | 1 |
Pisistratus | 23 |
The Athenian Empire | 29 |
Bản quyền | |
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administration agricultural Arabic army Athens authority barbarian barons became began bishops Byzantine Byzantine Empire century B.C. Christian Church cities civilization clergy commerce common conquest Constantinople council court crusades culture early East eastern ecclesiastical economic elected eleventh century emperor England English estates feudal fifteenth century forced fourteenth century France French Gaul Germany gradually greatest Greece Greek growth Guelfs Henry Holy Roman Empire ideas imperial important influence Italian Italy king kingdom land later Latin literature lord manor mediaeval mediaeval period Mediterranean ment merchants Middle Ages modern Mohammedans monarchy nobility nobles Norman organization papacy papal Parlement Parliament peace peasants Persian political pope reform reign religion religious Renaissance result Roman Empire Roman law Rome royal rule serfs Sicily social Spain struggle tenth century theory third estate thirteenth century tion towns trade tury twelfth century western Europe