Wind turbine control systems : principles, modelling and gain scheduling design
Modern wind turbines generally operate at variable speed in order to maximise the conversion efficiency below rated power and to reduce loading on the drive-train. In addition, pitch control of the blades is usually employed to limit the energy captured during operation above rated wind speed. The higher complexity of variable-speed variable-pitch turbines is offset by the benefits of control flexibility, namely, higher conversion efficiency, better power quality, longer useful life; because of the immediate impact of control on the cost of wind energy, reliable high-performance controllers are essential in making wind technology competitive. In Wind Turbine Control Systems the application of linearparameter varying (LPV) gain scheduling techniques to the control of wind energy conversion systems is emphasised. This recent reformulation of the classical gain scheduling problem allows a straightforward design procedure and simple controller implementation. The monograph provides a thorough coverage of wind turbine control, including: - an overview of the principles of wind energy conversion; - the control-oriented modelling of wind turbines; - an in-depth analysis of the most common control strategies; - the design of LPV gain-scheduled controllers for both fixed- and variable-pitch, variable-speed wind turbines. Wind Turbine Control Systems is primarily intended for researchers and students with a control background wishing to expand their knowledge of wind energy systems. The book will be useful to scientists in the field of control theory looking to apply their innovative control ideas to this appealing control problem and will also interest practising engineers dealing with wind technology who will benefit from the comprehensive coverage of the theoretic control topics, the simplicity of the models and the use of commonly available control algorithms. Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control
1 online resource (xix, 205 pages) : illustrations
9781846284939, 9781846284922, 9786610619719, 1846284937, 1846284929, 6610619719
184954845
Cover
Contents
Notation
1 Introduction
1.1 Control of Wind Energy Conversion Systems
1.2 Gain Scheduling Techniques
1.3 Robust Control of WECS
1.4 Outline of the Book
2 The Wind and Wind Turbines
2.1 The Wind
2.1.1 The Source of Winds
2.1.2 Mean Wind Speed
2.1.3 Energy in the Wind
2.1.4 Turbulence
2.2 The Wind Turbines
2.2.1 Types of Rotors
2.2.2 Wind Turbine Aerodynamics
2.2.3 Force, Torque and Power
2.3 Wind Speed Experienced by the Turbine
2.3.1 Deterministic Component
2.3.2 Stochastic Component
3 Modelling of WECS
3.1 WECS Description
3.2 Mechanical Subsystem
3.3 Aerodynamic Subsystem
3.4 Electrical Subsystem
3.4.1 Directly Coupled Squirrel-cage Induction Generator
3.4.2 Stator-controlled Squirrel-cage Induction Generator
3.4.3 Rotor-controlled Doubly-fed Induction Generator
3.5 Pitch Subsystem
3.6 Model of the Entire WECS
3.7 Effective Wind Model
3.7.1 Mean Wind Speed Model
3.7.2 Turbulence Model
3.7.3 Effective Wind Speed
3.7.4 Effective Wind Speed Simulations
4 Control Objectives and Strategies
4.1 Control Objectives
4.1.1 Energy Capture
4.1.2 Mechanical Loads
4.1.3 Power Quality
4.2 Modes of Operation
4.3 Control Strategies
4.3.1 Fixed-speed Fixed-pitch
4.3.2 Fixed-speed Variable-pitch
4.3.3 Variable-speed Fixed-pitch
4.3.4 Variable-speed Variable-pitch
4.3.5 Some Options to the Previous Control Strategies
5 Control of Variable-speed Fixed-pitch Wind Turbines
5.1 Introduction to LPV Gain Scheduling Techniques
5.2 LPV Model of Fixed-pitch WECS
5.3 Open-loop Characteristics
5.4 LPV Gain Scheduling Control
5.4.1 Controller Objectives
5.4.2 Controller Schemes
5.4.3 The Controller Design Issue
5.4.4 Preliminary Control
5.4.5 Control with Damping Injection
5.4.6 Dealing with Uncertainties
5.4.7 Performance Assessment of other Variable-speed Fixed-pitch Control Strategies
6 Control of Variable-speed Variable-pitch Wind Turbines
6.1 LPV Model of Variable-pitch WECS
6.2 Open-loop Characteristics
6.3 LPV Gain Scheduling Control
6.3.1 Controller Schemes
6.3.2 Modified Control Strategy for Improved Controllability
6.3.3 The Controller Design Issue
6.3.4 Control in the High Wind Speed Region
6.3.5 Control in the Low Wind Speed Region
6.3.6 Control over the Full Range of Operational Wind Speeds
6.3.7 Effects of Uncertainties
A: Linear Matrix Inequalities
A.1 Definition
A.2 Semidefinite Programming
A.3 Properties
B: Gain Scheduling Te
Electronic reproduction, [Place of publication not identified], HathiTrust Digital Library, 2010