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Charlestown, from November 1, 1761,
to September 23, 1768, and the value
of rice on the latter day, xi. [172]
Riechfhoffen, Lower Alface, fold by the
emprefs-queen to a gentleman of Straf-
bourg, iv. [143]

Rochfort; the unfuccefsful expedition of
the English against it in 1757, and
the public difcontent it produced at
home, i. 19, 20.

Rome; wife methods to preserve the
peace of, in 1759, ii. 94-proceedings
against the Jefuits concerned in the
confpiracy in Portugal, 114. 129—
Warm contest with Portugal, iii. [129.
146. 150, 151]-Forbids all fanc-
tuary to murderers, viii. [120]—Re-
jects all the royal pretentions of the
Stuart family, ix. [6, 7. 69]—orien-
tal learning encouraged, [112]-thir-
teen cardinals created, [146]-De-
cline of the power of the court of,
particularly in the fall of the Jefuits,
x. [5, 6. 27. 34. 93. 154. 165]-
Seizure of the territories belonging to,
in Italy and France, xi. [3, 4. 45, 46]
-remarkable difference with Parma,
and melancholy confequences, [50*.
58*. 87, 88. 126. 135. 148, 149.
157-Refpite to the troubles of the
court of, by the death of Pope Cle-
ment XIII. and election of Ganga-
nelli, Pope Clement XIV. xii. [36.
39]-confideration given to the Pope
for the lofs of Venaiffin, [115]-edit
against vagrants, [115, 116]—Specific
ftate of, in 1770, xiii. [55]-edict
forbidding women to appear in churches
with their faces uncovered, [175]→
The famous college of the Jefuits
hut up, xv. [133]-Ecclefiaftical
power abridged by the emperor of
Germany, xvi. [43]-final fuppref-
fion of the order of Jefuits ratified by
Pope Clement XIV. in 1773, who
was reinftated in Avignon and the
duchy of Benevento, [54. 57. 132]-
State of the conclave on the election
of Pope Pius VI. in 1775, xviii. [147]
-An univerfal jubilee to the whole
Chriftian world for fix months in 1776,
xix. [118]-remarkable coronation of
Morelli Fernandez at the capitol,
[175]

A very memorable edict in
favour of commerce in 1777, xx. [182,
183]-For particulars relating to the
natural history of this city, fee NA-
TURAL HISTORY.

Rofbach; the critical fituation of his Ruf.

fian majesty previous to the battle at,
and the fortunate turn given to his

affairs by his glorious success, i. 22.

25.

Ruffia; fpirit of the treaty made with
England, i. 5-and of a contrary treaty
made with France at Verfailles, 7, 8-the
irregular and favage enormities of the
military in Germany in 1757 and
1758, 20. 48. 51. 58-the public dif-
content which prevailed in 1758, 40-
Reafons for profecuting the war againft
Pruffia, though at fo great a lots, ii.
5-A lift of the forces employed in
the campaign for 1760 in Germany,
iii. [110]-Pacific inclination at the
beginning of 1761, and the difficul-
ties which prevented its fuccefs, iv,
[3.7]—an account of a dreadful fire
at Petersburgh in June 1761, [152,
153]-The state of the power of this
country on the death of the empress
Elizabeth; the entire change of lyf-
tem which took place on the acceffion
of Peter III. who immediately con-
cluded a peace with the king of Pruf-
fia, and withdrew his army from Ger-
many, and entered into an alliance
with the king of Pruffia, v. [11. 14]
-caufes of the revolution in this coun-
try, particularly the means by which
the czar Peter III, irritated the clergy
and foldiery; the nature of the con-
fpiracy formed against him; the man-
ner in which he was depofed; his im-
prifonment, and death, [17. 20]—
the politic conduct of the czarina Ca-
tharine II. and the means by which
she ingratiated herself with the people,
[20, 21]the adopts a neutrality, re-
lating to the German war, and re-
ftores the conquests made in Germany,
[22, 23]-An account of a dreadful
fire at Archangel in October 1767,
vi. [5]-evident marks of diftinction
fhewed to the English at this court,
and the umbrage given to the mini-
fters of France and Spain, [53]-the
edict permitting foreigners of all na-
tions and religions (the Jews excepted)
to fettle in that empire, [59]-fome
account of the enquiry made into the
conduct of count Tottleben in the late
war, [98]-a very memorable present
from England to the emprefs, afford-
ing a curious fpecimen of English in-
genuity, and the refpect which the
English entertain for her imperial ma-
jefty, [107]-The encreafing ftate of
this country, from the reign of Charles
XII. in her military force, increasing
commerce, and unbounded influence
over thofe nations with whom he has

the

the nearest connection, vii. [2]—the critical fituation of the fupreme government of this country on the acceffion of the prefent emprefs Catharine II. to the throne, proved in the fcheme of Mirowitz to place prince Ivan upon it, with a defcription of the confequences of that event, which were fatal both to prince Ivan and to Mirowitz himself, [14. 18]-the produce of the mines in the province of Siberia, of gold and filver, brought into this city in the year 1763, [71] -an account of two new literary eltablishments which took place in 1764, [90] the folemn acknowledgment made by the republic of Poland to the right of the emprefs of Ruffia and her fucceffors to the title of emperor or emprefs of all the Ruffias, and the ftipulation which the made on her part, of an inviolable obfervance of all the particulars of the treaty of peace concluded between the Ruffians and the Poles in the year 1683, [94, 95]-the inveteracy of the fenate of Ruffia against Mirowitz, intreating the cmprefs to have fpeedy and exemplary juftice executed on this offender, and not to regard the powerful interceffion made for him; with the answer her imperial majefty made to the fenate on that fubject,[106]-The happy ftate of this kingdom in 1765, and the laudable exertions of the empress to civilize and refine the manners of her fubjects, by the ample encouragement the affords to the introduction of letters and ufeful arts, viii. [5. 157] -a laudable inftitution for increasing population, [95, 96]-The pacific afpect of the empress towards all the European powers, except Poland, in 1766, ix. [6]-her court becomes the afylum of the fciences and polite arts, [6]-the treaty with the emperor of Germany for the reciprocal defence of their refpective dominions against the common enemy of Chriftendom, [53] -a defcription of the caroufal which was celebrated at Petersburgh, June 27, 1766, and the univerfal pleasure and fatisfaction which it gave, [117, 118] The patronage given to aftronomical improvements, and the methods taken to form a new code of laws, x. [8, 9. 200, 201]-the ceremony obferved at the meeting of the deputies on the 10th of Auguft, 1767, to form the new code of laws, [129]

Some obfervations on the ftate and

conduct of this empire at the time it engaged in a war with the Turks in fupport of the Diffidents in Poland, xi. [5. 7]—the military operations of the army in various provinces in 1768, previous to the declaration of war with the Turks, which this court wifhed to have avoided, if the war could have been prevented without giv. ing up a very favourite ivftem fhe had adopted in respect to Poland, [13. 26]--the fuoitance of the declaration made on beginning the war, and the ordinances iffued for augmenting the army, [27] the amicable adjuttment of all the differences about the country of Holstein between Ruffia and Denmark, [87]-the difcovery of fome valuable coal mines and other minerals in the mountains of Walda, [190]The fuccefs of the latter part of the campaign in 1768 against the Turks in Moldavia and Walachia, and the great advantages arifing from this fucces, xii. [2]-the great preparations made for a naval expedition into the Mediterranean in 1769, with fome reflections on the nature and probable conlequences of this expedition, [2. 4]-tate of the army in the beginning of the fpring 1769, and the methods pursued for the fupport and carrying on of the war, [13, 14]-the formidable oppofition which the army met with in Poland at the opening of the campaign, and the future glorious defeat of the Turks, and almost entire ruin of the Turkish army, [16. 29. 31, 32]-the remarkable neutrality obferved by the Italian ftates on the Ruffian fleet appearing in the Mediterranean, [39, 40]—a list of the fquadron fitted out in 1769, [157]xiii. [171]-a fair and impartial ftate of the advantages acquired by the fuccess of the army in the campaigns of 1768 and 1769, [1, 2] -fome reflections on the natural jealoufy with which the feveral maritime and commercial ftates of Europe have always hitherto beheld and oppofed a new maritime state, and the particular as well as critical fituation of the affairs of Europe, which favoured the naval expedition of this kingdom into the Mediterranean, and fuffered the emprefs of Ruffia to fend fire and fword into the fhores of Greece and the ifles of the Archipelago, [2, 3]— the confequences likely to arife from this expedition and the war, to Ruf

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fia and to Turkey, and the particular
advantage acquired by Ruffia in the
establishment of fuch a barrier as will
fecure her whole frontier in Europe
from the future infuits of the Tartars,
13. 6]-the probability of a peace
with Turkey being near at hand at
the beginning of the year 1770, and
the fituation in which Ruffia was for
making an advantageous one, [7. 9]
-the renewal and profecution of the
war on the Danube, and in the pro-
vinces of Moldavia and Walachia, and
in different parts of Poland; the bat-
tle at the river Larga, with the defeat
of the khan of the Tartars, and the
complete victory which general Ro-
manzow gained between the Pruth
and the Cabul; the Turks purfued
to the Danube, and obliged to crofs
that river with great lofs, [11. 19]—
the fuccefs of their army at Bender,
at Kiilia Nova, and Ibrailow, till the
Turks were entirely driven beyond the
Danube, and the Ruffians went into
winter-quarters, [20. 26]—the fortu-
nate events attending the expedition to
the Mediterranean and the Morea,
under the command of count Orlow,
with the capture of Misatra, Arcadia,
Meffalongi, Coron, and Patras, and
the cruelties committed alternately by
the Greeks and the Turks, [27.31]
-farther proceedings of their fleet in
the Mediterranean and the Morea, till
the Turkish fleet was destroyed in the
harbour of Cifme; the lofs fuftained
by the Turks on this occafion, [31.
36. 86, 87]-the edit by which all
the Jews were commanded to leave
the country within a limited time,
having been fupposed to hold a cor-
refpondence with the enemies of this
country, [167]-the magnificent pre-
fents which were made by the emprefs
in 1770 to the members of the Greek
church at Port Mahon, [175]-The
conftant good fortune which attended
the military operations of the Ruffians
(in 1771) in their pofts on the Da-
nube, in their conqueft of Crim Tar-
tary, in the defeat of the Turks at
Babadagh, where they were totally
routed, till at length the enemy aban-
don the Danube, and fly for refuge to
the mountains, excepting a part of
the Turkish army which were fta-
tioned in the neighbourhood of Bu-
charest, and were totally overthrown,
by which the continental war was fi-
nished for the year 1771, xiv. [73*.

77*]-the state of the navy in 1771,
the terror which it ftruck through all
the Turkish ports and iflands in the
Archipelago, and fpread difmay even
in the centre of the Porte itself, [78*]
-the cruel ravages made by the plague
in Mofcow, which were greatly in-
creafed by the licentioufnefs of the peo-
ple, who maffacred their venerable
archbishop for endeavouring to put a
ftop to the iniquitous proceedings of
fome vile impoftors and cheats, [79*]
-the profpect of a peace with the
Turks which began to break forth
in the courfe of the year 1771, under
the aufpices of the courts of Vienna
and Berlin; with fome reflections on
the terms of making peace required
by the court of Petersburgh, [79, 80*]

an eftimate of the damage done by
the inundation at Riga, and in the ad-
jacent country, in 1771, [113]-the
capital (Peterburgh) was the rendez-
Vous (in 1771) of diftant nations, who
differed as much in their features as they
did in their drefs and languages, [118]
-an account of feveral dreadful fires
in the capital in May 1771, [123, 124]
-the captures taken by the fhips be-
longing to this country in the year
1771, amounted to three millions of
piaftres, [134]-befides thirty veffels,
whofe cargoes were not difpofed of in
July 1771, [134]-The appearances of
an approaching peace were confirmed
by the armiftice concluded on May
the 30th, 1772, and by the congrefs
which was opened at Foczani, July
the 15th, 1772: it is true, indeed,
that this congrefs broke up in the fuc
ceeding month of September without
effect, but the negociation for peace
was again renewed at the congrefs
opened at Bucharest, O&tober 29th,
in the fame year, when an armiitice
was concluded, which was to continue
in force to March 30, 1773, XV. [13.
16]-the nature of the advantageous
treaty concluded with the Tartars of
Crimea, about the time this latter
armiftice took place, [16, 17]-the
probable effect on the meafures and
conduct of this court which was pro-
duced by the unexpected union in po-
litics and fentiments between the em-
peror of Germany and the king of
Pruffia, with refpect to the affairs of
Poland, and the prefent difmember-
ment of that kingdom in 1772, [24,
25]-the fpecifications delivered by
the emprefs of Ruffia, containing a
deduction

deduction of her rights to a part of the kingdom of Poland, [30. 31]fome particular and convincing proofs of the magnificence of the emprefs, in her rewards to her generals and officers, in prefents to learned men, in the encouragement of arts, and in the purchase of libraries, ftatues, pictures, antiques, and jewels, [80*.73]-the two ordinances that were publifhed in April 1772; the firft for prohibiting the importation of foreign gold coin, excepting Dutch ducats; the other enjoining abfolute filence on the fubject of religion, politics, or any affairs of ftate, [107] The difficulties which the army experienced in the Bulgarian campaign, xvi. [2]-the advantages and difadvantages which this empire has received from the war with the Turks, [3.5]-the defultory although ruinous tate of the war in 1773, on the Danube, with the Turks, in which lives were loft without effect, and courage exerted without honour, immediately after the fruitlefs negociation for a peace at Bucharest was clofed, [12. 19-the naval armaments and operations in the Levant in 1773, with obfervations on the languid itate of the Mediterranean war, [20. 22]-the influence which the revolution in Sweden is fuppofed to have had on the conduct of Ruffia, the lofs fuftained by the migration of the Torgut tribe of Tartars from the Ruffian government, the fuppofed cause which produced an alliance with Denmark, the good itate of the fleet in the Baltic, an i the great magnanimity and wife conduct thewed by the emprefs at the ill fuccefs of the campaign for 1773, and on the great commercial failures in Europe, [30. 32]-the humane attention paid by the empress to the meanest of her fubjects, exemplified, [129]-particulars relating to the nuptials of the grand duke with the princefs Wilhelmina of Dirmitadt, Auguft 27th, 1773, [129. 137]-Oldenburgh and Delmenhorit put into the poffeffion of the empress in lieu of Holftein, which was ceded to Denmark, December 14th, 1773, [153]-Some military preparations and engagements which took place early in the year 1774 with the Turks, previous to the peace which was figned on the 21st of July 1774, xvii. [5. 7-the principal articles of the peace, the rejoicings on account of the peace at Petersburgh, and the good

faith with which thefe articles were fulfilled on both fides, [7. 10]-the ftate and progrefs of the rebellion of Pugatfcheff, till his affociates are finally defeated and ruined, and he himself delivered up to count Panin, and the infurgents returned to their duty, [11. 15]-the wife measures taken by government to prevent the fpreading of the famine, [15, 16]-the great harmony which prevailed with Sweden in 1774, and the new treaty which was faid to be concluded with that state, [26]-peace proclaimed with the Ottoman Porte, Auguft the 14th, 1774, [141]-the lofs fuftained by the fleet in the Archipelago in Auguft 1774, [152,153]-The moderation and happy influence of the court of Peterburgh upon the conduct of the great partitioning powers with refpect to Poland, and upon the management of the domeltic affairs of that country in 1775, xviii. [153, 154*]-the execution of Pugaticheff; the regulations in favour of the Diffidents; the taxes laid on for the fupport of the late war taken off, and various other regulations for the benefit of the people, [154*, 155*} -the fplendid and magnificent preparations which were made by the emprefs and the great duke, for the reception of marthal Romanzow upon his return from that war, which he had fo gloriously conducted, and happily concluded, [156*]-the protection which the emprefs gave to the Chriftians who fled to the Ruffians in the Crimea, where orders were given to build a large town for their reception, between Kerch and Jenicale, in 1774, [82]-the generous conduct of the empress to the provinces which were lately the feat of rebellion under Pugatfcheff, [108]-the nature of the taxes abolished in 1775, and those which were impofed in lieu of them; the prohibitions tending to difcourage manufactures, which were taken off; the encouragements given to population and commerce, [120, 121. 135] -the very valuable grants and prefents made to marfhal Romanzow, to count Alexis Orlow, and others, [138] -The firm ftate of this empire, and the means taken by the empress to secure it by the increafe and improvement of the Ruffian naval force, in the year 1776, and by the laudable endeavours that were purfued to people the uncultivated parts of the em

pire, xix. [189, 190*]—a great trad-
ing houfe was established at Conftanti-
nople this year, and was endowed with
very exclusive privileges under the im-
mediate patronage of the emprefs,
[190] a particular account of the
very magnificent entry of the grand
duke of Ruffia into Berlin, (accom-
panied by prince Henry of Pruffia) on
the 21st of July, 1775, and of the
interview between the grand duke and
his Pruffian majefty, previous to the
demand of the princefs of Wirtem-
berg Stutgard in marriage for the
grand duke, which demand was made
in form on the following day, [165,
166]-fome particulars in proof of
the amazing increase of population in
thefe dominions, owing principally to
the fyftem of toleration lately adopted
by the empress, [177]-the ceremony
of marriage between his imperial high-
nefs the grand duke of Ruffia and the
princess of Wirtemberg Stutgard, was
performed October the 7th, 1776, but
not till the princess had been folemnly
baptized into the Greek church by the
name of Maria Feiderowna, [184]-
the annual revenues of this empire
in 1776 amounted to the fum of
17,130,618 roubles, and the annual ex-
pences, including penfions, prefents,
&c. to 14,208,557 roubles, [203]--
The difputes which fubfifted in 1777
between this country and the Porte,
and the difficulties which arofe about
fettling the terms of peace relating to
the open trade of the Ruffians in the
Black Sea, and the confequent efta-
blishment of a Ruffian marine force
on the Black Sea, xx. [184, 185*] the
great share which this government took
in the difputes of the rival chans, and
the petty war in the Crimea, while
both fides were unwilling to proceed
to extremities, [185*, 186*]—the ra-
pid increase of this empire to the
highest ftate of greatness in her com-
merce, population, and opulence; as
is proved by her exports, the reve-
nues, and the manner in which the
central and cultivated provinces have
been confiderably increafed with peo-
ple, and the extent of her valuable
trade in the article of tobacco, [186*]
-particulars relating to the revenues
and expences of this empire, [170]-
the state of the produce of the cuf
toms in the capital, and other trading
cities, in 1724, in 1726, in 1741, in
1752, in 1754, and in 1757, [182]

-the prefent made by her imperial
majefty to the king of Sweden on his
vifit to this court in July 1777, [195]
the particular circumftances attending
the late war, and the peace, between
this court and that of Constantinople,
which continued to fow the feeds of
difcontent, jealoufy, and ill will be-
tween them, and threatened a new
war in 1778 and 1779, till a negocia
tion was conducted, and a new con-
vention concluded under the media-
tion of the French minifter, on the
21ft of March 1779, xxiii. [6. 10]-
the nature and principles of the fin-
gular manifefto or declaration iffued
by the court of Petersburgh, February
the 26th, 1780, which laid the foun-
dation for that formidable naval and
military alliance and confederacy be-
tween the northern powers, to which
most of the neutral states in Europe
have fince acceded, known by the
name of the armed neutrality; of
which the courts of France and Spain
expreffed the utmost approbation, as a
fyftem that was fo exactly calculated
and immediately fuited to their own
views, and which they could at a fu-
ture time find means eafily to fhake
off, [205, 206*]-For obfervations
on the climate of Ruffia, for the pro-
ceedings of the academy of fciences
at Petersburgh, and for the ftate of
population in this country, fee NA-
TURAL HISTORY.

S.

SAGG harbour, in Long Island; veffets

and provifions destroyed there by a
detachment from Connecticut under
colonel Meigs, who had attended ge-
neral Arnold in the expedition to Que-
bec, xx. [118, 119]

Sallee; the unfuccefsful attack made by
the French against this place on May

311t, 1765, viii. [106, 107]
Sandy Hook; operations of the British
and French navy in 1778, xxi. [227*.
230*]

Salonica; capital of Macedon, defolate
state of, iv. [154, 155]
Sangerfhaufen; battle of, in favour of
the French, i. 46.
Saragofa; Spain, dreadful fire at, xxi.

216.

Saratoga; the ill effects produced by the

cruelties of the Indians who made a
part of the British army in their ex-
pedition

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