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ed by the English, and furrendered on very honourable terms on Oct. 16th in the fame year, xxii. [176-179]See also NATURAL HISTORY for fome particulars relating to this place Portugal, an account of the confpiracy against the life of the king in 1758, i. 112. 118 proceedings against the confpirators and Jefuits, ii. 60. 66, 67. 69, 70. 80. 121, 122--and iii. [129 and 1493--the offence which was given to this court by the engagement off Cape Lagos in 1759, and the fatisfaction given by the British court, iii. [103, 104]-an obftinate and fuccessful engagement againft the Indians in Paraguay, [107, 108]-fome account of the very magnificent Auto da Fé, September 20th, 1761, iv. [171]

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the melancholy ftate of this kingdom at the time it was threatened with war; the arrogant propofition of the French and Spanish minifters to the court of Lifbon; the anfwer of that court, the refolution of the king of Portugal, and the commencement of the war against this country by France and Spain in 1762, v. [6-10]- -nature of the war in this country compared with the war in Germany, the plan of the campaign, the capture of the cities Miranda, Braganza, Chaves, Almeida, and the general fuccefs of the Spanish military force till it was checked by the military exploits of count La Lippe and general Burgoyne; the latter of whom takes the town of Valentia de Alcantara by furprife, and defeated the Spaniards at Villa Velha; which was foon followed by the retreat of the Spaniards, who every where fell back to the frontiers of Spain, [28– 32] -the ftipulation between the courts of London, Verfailles, and Madrid, for evacuating this country of all military force, [55. 241]-the great and diftinguished rewards granted to the British generals for their military fervices, vi. [86]-the dreadful fire and great damages done by it, June 2d, 1764, at Lifbon, vii. [83, 841-the natural imbecility of this country, the neceffity it has of foreign affiftance, viii. [4]

-an ac

count of the earthquake at Lisbon which happened on the 26th of January 1765, [60]-the fentence pronounced on the principals and accomplices of the affaffination of monfieur Viera d'Andrade, chief judge

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of the Cape de Verd islands and others, which was committed on the 13th of December 1762, [63]-the wife edict of his moft Faithful Majefty, forbidding any criminal procefs in any court whatfoever to be carried on without confronting the witneffes with the party accufed, [68]--a defcription of the Auto da Fé, October 27th, 1765, [138, 139]-privileges granted by his moft Faithful Majefty for extending the trade to Rio Janeiro, and to the bay of All Saints, [156]lift of the perfons, with their offences and punishments, who came out of the inquifition at Lisbon in perfon, or were brought out in effigy, at the Auto da Fé there on October the 27th, 1765, [212-214]-a laudable regulation which took place in July 1766, for employing all vagrants in the ftreets, ix. [121]-the iffuing of a decree for putting a ftop to the practice of obtaining teftamentary estates in favour of the clergy in preference, and to the prejudice of the lawful heirs, [136]the king provoked by the ill conduct of fome of the governors of the Azores, unites them all under one government, [146]the ftrange and impolitic reftraint thrown upon the trade with England, with fome reflections on the temerity of the Portuguefe minifter, and the fupinenefs of England upon this occafion, x. [6]-fome reflections on the different conduct fhewed by this ftate to England and to the petty ftate of Algiers, [125] and [128]-the Auto da Fé in September 1767, [131]unites with the feveral princes of the houfe of Bourbon in oppofition to the fee of Rome, xi. [54, 55*1-the bulk publifhed here by the king in July 1768, which was granted to him by pope Benedict XIV. authorizing him to raise the third part of all the ecclefiaftical revenues in Lifbon for a certain time, and appropriate them to the re-building, repairing, and decorating the churches in that city, [1509 151-continues in the fame ftate of weakness and diforder (in 1769) which has particularly marked its government for a great part of this century, with fome proofs illuftrating this affertion, xii. [11, 12]-the number of negroe flaves bartered for by Portugal in 1768, and the computed value of each flave, [114]-an edict was iffued in 1769, by which

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widows of more than fifty years of age are forbidden to marry, and the reafon affigned for this edict, [157]

the weaknefs and cruelty of the fyftem of politics in this country, and 'the dangers to be apprehended from it; the real or pretended confpiracies in this country; the private executions which took place without any form or pretence of trial, and the univerfal deteftation of the prime minifter, the marquis de Pombal, xiii. [10, 11] the unfriendly treatment towards the British merchants and factory eftablished in this kingdom, without any fpecious complaint against them, [11]- -the reconciliation between his moft Faithful Majefty and the holy fee in 1770, [136]- -the very dangerous infurrection which broke out in May 1772 at the Brafils, and threatened the exiftence of the power of this country in that part of the world; with an enquiry into the caufe of this infurrection, the formidable oppofition made by the infurgents to the military force of the Portuguese in thofe fettlements, and the great influence which they had among the confederate Indians in the neighbourhood of the Brafils, xv. [9, 10]

-the happy adjustment of fome difputes and difturbances at their fettlements on the coaft of Africa, [151]--the very humane and benevolent edict to prevent flavery from being perpetual, even among the black defcendants of the original negroes who came from Africa, and the particular priviléges granted to thofe who could prove that any of their mothers had been free for three generations, xvi. [53, 54]-many religious houfes fuppreffed in 1773, [67]-the naval force which was borrowed of the StatesGeneral, and fent to the Weft Indies in 1773, [115]-the order for taking off the duty on leaf tobacco imparted from America, at the time that every poffible obftruction was thrown in the way of the British commerce, xvii. [173]-the reafons which prevented the court of Lifsbon from taking the fame advantages from the difputes between England and her colonies, as were taken by feveral other European powers in 1776, xix. [181-183-the nature of the difpute with Spain about limits on the borders of the Rio de la Plata in

South America, [185, 186*]very memorable inftance of honesty and integrity, and the reward it met with from his moft Faithful Majefty, [118, 119]-the amicable change of difpofition between the courts of Lif bon and Madrid upon the death of Don Jofeph I. February the 24th 1777, with fome account of that monarch, xx. [177, 178*]-the change of miniftry which took place immediately on the acceffion of his daughter, the princefs of Brazil, who was married to her uncle Don Pedro, (her father's brother) in 1760, and the very great joy which appeared thro' all the kingdom upon the removal of the marquis de Pombal from power, and the great popularity which the queen acquired by enlarging the state prifoners, [ibid.-182*]-preliminaries of peace and treaty of limits concluded between the courts of Lif bon and Madrid, with an account of the probable effects of this treaty upon the politics of this country, [183*, 184*]

an account of the marriage of his royal highnefs the prince of Beira with her royal highnefs the Infanta Maria Francifca Benedicta, (his aunt) on February the 21st, 1777,. [170]the value of the effects belonging to the marquis de Pombal exceeded the fum of 600,000 pounds fterling, [195]-fome particulars relating to the peace concluded between this court and Madrid, xxi. [169]For remarkable inundations, and the damages they produced, in this country in 1774, fee NATURAL HISTORY Prague, the glorious defeat of the Auftrians, though fortified with almoft impregnable intrenchments, i. 16the very memorable fiege of this city by his Pruffian majefty, May 7th, 1757, 17, 1 18

Providence, parliamentary grants to, i. 127. 171-iii. [183]-v. [152. 164]vi. [177]

Pruffia, ground of the difpute and war

with Auftria; the means by which it has acquired its prefent extent of em pire, and made a fovereign power; its alliance with England, and commencement of hoftilities at Pirna and Lofowitz, i. 2. 6-9-ftate of the powerful confederacy formed againft it, 14-18-fubfidy treaty with England in 1758, 39, 40-the fame 1759, ii. 3-the critical fituation of affairs at the beginning of 1759, il. 3, 4

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and

and at the clofe of the fame year, 55, 56-a tax of ten per cent. laid upon the revenues of all popish ecclefiaftics in the dominions of this country, 81, -the ftate of this country at the beginning of 1760, and the demands made on it by the court of Vienna, iii. [3-5] and [11]-the fad state of the affairs of this country in the beginning of the year 1762, v. [2, 3] the fortunate change in the affairs of the king of Pruffia by the peace concluded between him and the Czar Peter the third of Ruffia, on his acceffion to the throne, and the alliance formed between them, with an account of the peace concluded between Pruffia and Sweden, [12-14]-the effect of the revolution in Ruffia at the death of Peter III. which produced great anxiety, till the new emprefs adopted a neutrality, and reftored the Pruffian conquefts, [2123]-a coldness between this country and England on account of the latter refufing to renew the treaty of alliance in 1762, [54]--the nature and fubftance of the treaty of peace with the emprefs queen of Hungary at Hubertfburgh in 1762, [63] and [247 -249]--the zealous endeavours of his majefty to repair the loffes fuftained by the war, to reward the merit of his brave military officers, and to punifh fuch misbehaviour in them as was attended with any confiderable influence on his affairs, vi. [97, 98]the tranquil ftate of the country in 1764, and her perfect fecurity against any defigns of the neighbouring powers, vii. [3]-fome clear and indifputable proofs of the indefatigable attention given by the king to the real welfare of his fubjects, [77]-his formal renunciation of all claims to all and any part of Polish Pruffia, on condition of the acknowledgement of his right to the title of king of Pruffia, [95]-the great encouragement given to an excellent porcelain manufactory in this kingdom, [101]-the fund of the new bank established at Berlin by his Pruffian majefty, and the grants made to the proprietors for thirty years, [109]-the wife and humane royal decree relating to tenants or farmers in this country, made in 1764, [ibid.]the permiffion given to his Pruffian majefty to purchase great quantities of faltpetre in Ruffia, to the exclufion of every other nation,

[ibid.]-the capital,number of fhares, and value of each fhare, of the new chamber of infurance eftablished by his majefly, June the rft, 1765, in Berlin, which was to fubfiit irrevocably for thirty years, to the exclufion of all other chambers of infurance, viii. [68]-the inftitution of á literary academy for noblemen by his majefty in 1765, [85-a new Turkey company established at Berlin, [96] -the remarkable claim made by a memorial prefented to their high mightineffes, January 14th, 1766, of a debt to the amount of upwards of four millions contracted by the republic in 1672, and the following years, ix. [70]-the entertainments, &c. given on the marriage of her royal highness the princels Frederica Sophia Wilhelmina, princefs royal of Pruffia, to his ferene highnefs the prince of Orange, on October the 4th, 1767, x. [136]-was not inattentive to the affairs in Poland in 1768, but obferved a strict neutrality, xi. [7.36]--military reformations, and the liberal donation to the inhabitants of Silefia in compenfation for the great misfortunes they fuffered by the late war, [36, 37]-the ordinance published by his majefty, July the 12th, 1768, by which the importation of all manufactures of copper, iron, and tin, was prohibited under certain penalties, [151]-the neutrality obferved towards the belligerent powers in Poland, and his majesty's indefatigable attention to the welfare of his fubjects, and to the commerce of his dominions, xii. [7]--a bank and lombard for the convenience of trade was opened at Embden, Fe bruary the ift, 1769, by order of his Pruffian majefty, [71]--the perfect neutrality which continued to be ob ferved by the king in 1770, with refpect to the events of the war between the Ruffians and the Turks, although the attention which his majefty paid to the military department, and the excellent condition of his army, feemed to indicate fome great defign in view, xiii. [42]-the various conjectures formed in confequence of the interview' between his majefty and the emperor of Germany, September 3d, 1770, whofe mutual behaviour to each other was fo cordial and affectionate as greatly to affect the beholders, particularly fuch as remembered and

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had experienced the fatal confequences of the animofity which had fo long fubfifted between the two families, [42, 43]-the violent and unwarantable proceedings of his majefty against the city of Dant zick, which was furprized by his troops, laid under a contribution of feventyfive thousand ducats, and obliged to comply with certain other terms of fubmiffion, [43, 44]-the hoftile appearances and military preparations of his majefly at the beginning of the year 1771, and the march of his army into Poland, which ended in becoming a mediator (in concert with the court of Vienna) between the belligerent powers of Ruffia and the Porte, and in tranfmitting various propofitions relative to a peace thro' the hands of the minifters of the refpective courts at the Porte, xiv. [79-81] [85*, 86*]-the melancholy accounts received of the mifery and wretchednefs in this country, arifing from the extreme feverity of the weather in April 1771, [99]the very great damage done by the heavy and inceffant rains which fell in this country in the months of June and July 1771, [129, 130]—an enquiry into the great advantages the king has acquired by the partition of Poland, and by the remarkable harmony that prevails between the Houfes of Auftria and Brandenburg, xv. [46]—the exceffive contributions and violent oppreffions committed by the army when ftationed on the frontiers of Poland, under a pretext of forming lines to protect their own country from the plague (which at that time raged in Poland) being communicated to their own borders, [20-22]the very probable effect on the conduct of Ruffia with respect to the 'affairs of Poland, which was produced by the unexpected union in politics and fentiments between the emperor of Germany and his Pruffian majefty, [24, 25]the great fhare his majefty is fuppofed to have had in producing the civil war in Poland, [25, 26]-the letters patent of the king of Pruffia containing a deduction of his rights to a part of the kingdom of Poland, with fome obfervations upon thefe rights, [3134]-the revenue of the tobacco imported into this kingdom in 1772, was farmed to a Frenchman for fifty

thousand pounds fterling, [1] the patent which was granted the 14th of October, 1772, for the establishment of an affociation or a company of maritime commerce, and the encouragement which his majefty gave by taking a number of the fhares into his own hands, [145]-the great military augmentations and improvements, and the conduct obferved by his majefty with respect to the new provinces, particularly to the Jews in Polish Pruffia, and to the inhabitants of Dantzick and Thorn, xvi. [44-47] [127]the new duty of ten per cent. which was impofed by his Pruffian majesty on all fugars fent from Hamburgh into Saxony, Silefia, Bohemia, and Hungary, [154, 155]-the great and unwearied attention fhewn by his majefty to the improvement of his new dominions, and to the profecution of every fcheme for rendering them of every poffible advantage, xvii. [25]-the duty laid on the im portation of fugar into Silefia from foreign countries by a royal edict bearing date February 15th, 1774, [105] the fubftance of the edict, and the reafon on which it was founded, forbidding the merchants of Konigfburgh to frequent the fairs of Leipfic, xviii. [120]naval preparations at Stettin, [ibid.]-the nature of the toleration granted by his majefty to the Jefuits in his dominions, xix. [126, 127] -a particular account of the very grand and magnificent entry of the grand duke of Ruffia (accompanied by prince Henry of Pruffia) into Berlin, on July the 21ft, 1776, and the interview which the grand duke had with his Pruffian majefty, previous to the demand of the princefs of Wirtemberg Stutgard in marriage for the grand duke, which demand was made in form the following day, [165, 166]-in a lift of all his majefty's forces laid before him in 1776 at Potzdam, the totals were as follow, horfe 76,000, foot 152,000, artillery 7,500, and militia 36,000 men, [203] -the refpect which his majefty fhewed to the memory of the generals Schwerin, Winders

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wife and spirited measures taken after this check (no inconfiderable one) by general Wolfe and other British officers (military and naval), which were at length crowned with the furrender of the city and garrifon, upon terms of honour to the garrifon and advantage to the inhabitants, 39-42— the various and mixed emotions with which the people of England were affected on receiving the news of the decifive victory, and the lofs fuftained by the death of general Wolfe, 43proceedings in England relating to se-、 veral perfons engaged in the conqueft of, 56. 127. 132-ftate of the English garrifon left in it after its conqueft, to command Canada during the winter, and to facilitate the entire reduction of the province, iii. [5, 6]— befieged by Monfieur Levi, who is compelled to raife it, [69]--collections for the families of those who fell in the fiege of, [73]-the nature and extent of the territory fubject to this government, as defined and fettled in 1763, vi. [19]-an account of the remarkable mutiny at this place on the 18th of September 1763, and the prudent and firm behaviour of general Murray upon this occafion, and the final termination of this mutiny without any bloodshed, [113] and [159, 160]-fome complaints of an oppreffive conduct towards the in habitants laid before his majefty in 1765, viii. [115]-the advantages derived from the exportation of pit coal to the Weft Indies, [158]--the bill for the government of Quebec, which after undergoing great amendments was carried, and received the royal affent in June 1774, xvii. [74

burgh, in oppofition to the claims of the emperor of Germany, to certain territories in Bavaria; at first he proceeds with great caution and circumfpection and apparent candour in this bufinefs, and tries the force of various memorials and propofitions tending to an accommodation, till at length, finding them fruitlefs and ineffectual, he prepares for war, and publithes a manifefto against the meafures pursued by the emperor in 1778, xxi. [13-18]-the fpeech he made to his generals, April the 5th, 1778, and the prefents which he made to them previous to his taking the field with a prodigious artillery; the progrefs of his army till he penetrates into Bohemia and feizes Nachod; the endeavours which the king made in vain to bring the Imperial army to action; the various motions of his army defcribed, till the king evacuates Bohemia, and the Pruffians over-run the Auftrian Silefia, [21-35]-the fpeech of his majesty to all the general officers of his army at Berlin on April the 5th, 1778, and the presents he made to the officers previous to the march of the army against the emperor of Germany, [177, 178]— a retrospective view of the political reafons and motives which prevailed on his majefty to engage in the war, the ends he anfwered by the campaign, and the arguments which inclined him to a fufpenfion of arms, and to the peace which was concluded at Tefchen, May the 13th 1779, xxiii. [2-6]-For proceedings of the Academy of Sciences, fee Berlin, under NATURAL HISTORY

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UEBEC, the expedition against it

Que the Englia 179, the life of

Orleans occupied by the English, and

the town and harbour of Quebec de-> fcribed, ii. 35, 36-the advantageous fituation of the French, and the ineffectual attempts of the English to draw them to an engagement, and quit their entrenchments, till the un-. fuccefsful action at the Falls of Montmorenci took place, 36-38--the

78the petitions, motions, and debates in both houfes of parliament tending to the repeal of the Quebec act, which proved fruitlefs and ineffectual, xviii. [117-119*]- -the pernicious confequences of the Quebec act with respect to the very pur pofes for which it was framed, [138* 1391-the critical fituation of this city from the weaknefs of its garrifon, and its internal difcontent and diforder at the time the army of the provincials flufhed with fuccefs, in having taken the forts Chamble and St. John, and the city of Montreal, penetrated even to the walls of this city, until the army was difconcerted by the fall of their general Montgomery,

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