A Military History of Modern Spain: From the Napoleonic Era to the International War on Terror
This volume traces the course of Spanish military history, primarily during the 20th century. Chapter 1 provides the foundation for the role of the Spanish Army at home (the War of Independence [Napoleonic War], the Carlist Wars, and pronunciamientos), abroad (Morocco, 1859-60), and as an instrument for Liberal reforms in Spain. Chapter 2 covers the period following the Spanish-American War as the Army redirected its focus to the Spanish Protectorate in northern Morocco. This chapter covers the Rif Rebellion (1921-27), the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923-30) and concludes with the end of the monarchy and the establishment of the 2nd Republic in 1931. Chapters 3 and 4 present the two armies of the Spanish Civil War, as well as their relationship to the warring factions of Nationalists and Republicans. Chapter 5 looks at the Spanish Army during World War II on the Eastern Front (Russia), in its overseas colonies, as well as in Spain. De-colonialism is covered in chapter 6 as Spain, following the lead of the other European powers, began to shed itself of its African empire. Chapter 8 charts Spain's integration into the Western defense community in the 1950s, its membership in NATO, and its participation in peacekeeping and humanitarian missions in the Balkans and the Middle East. Chapter 9 focuses on Spain's struggle against terrorism, both the domestic Basques of ETA (Fatherland and Liberty) and the newer conflict against al-Qaeda and radical Islamic fundamentalism. |
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It is interesting to note that despite having fought and defeated the Carlists, the Army ignored the lessons learned in fighting an insurgency campaign in favor of emphasizing conventional war in its doctrine.
What began to bring the war in Morocco to an end was when Abd-el-Krim made the fatal error of attacking the French zone as well, which gained the insurgent leader a powerful new enemy and a broader front. This overly ambitious move ...
As both authors write, the Spanish Civil War did not remain exclusively Spanish for long as Italy and Germany sided with the insurgent Nationalists, while Mexico and the USSR supported the Republic. At 8 A Military History of Modern ...
Unable to crush this insurgency, and fearing open war with Morocco, in late 1975, as Francisco Franco lay in a persistent coma, the Spanish government began to negotiate the surrender of the colony. In early 1976, Spain withdrew the ...
Not surprisingly, many generals first offered their services to the French, in no small part because they feared the radical developments unleashed by the insurgency. Most senior officers, however, found that the explosion of ...
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1 | |
15 | |
The Spanish Army 18981931 Jose E Alvarez | 37 |
Unarmed Neutrality Javier Ponce | 53 |
Francos Nationalist Army George Esenwein | 68 |
5 The Popular Army of the Spanish Republic 193639 Michael Alpert | 93 |
6 The Spanish Military During World War II Wayne H Bowen | 110 |
7 Decolonization and the Spanish Army 194076 Shannon E Fleming | 122 |
From Isolation to Integration 19452006 Kenneth W Estes and Jose M Serrano | 136 |
The Spanish Experience 19392006 Jose A Olmeda | 161 |
Notes | 179 |
Bibliography | 201 |
Index | 213 |
About the Contributors | 221 |