Anatomical Imaging: Towards a New MorphologyHideki Endo, Roland Frey Springer Science & Business Media, 5 thg 2, 2009 - 110 trang From early on, anatomical imaging proceeded along three tracks that p- moted each other mutually. One track consisted of human beings interested in the organic structure of animals and humans. This track comprises Pal- and Neolithic hunters, shamans and clairvoyants of Sumeran and Babylonian times, dissecting artists of the Middle Ages, e. g. , Leonardo da Vinci, and leads us to skilled and creative scienti? ? c anatomists of modern times. The second one consisted of technologies involved in the processing of images. Thus, a short walk through the history of anatomical imaging will bring us from cave paintings via written information only, via drawings, paintings, engravings, lithographies and prints to black and white photography, roentgenography, analogue colour photography, digital photography, offset printing, analogue and digital video, ultrasound imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomographic scanning and software-based three-dimensional reconstructions. The third one consisted of the media available or speci? ?cally made as a carrier for the images. It started with rock surfaces, then clay tablets, continued with parchment and paper, wooden blocks, copper plates, lime stones and brought us to photographic ? ? lm, roentgen ? ?lm and computer screens (Tab. 1). Ever since the beginnings, presentation of the three-dimensional results of anatomical dissections had to choose between either the reduction to t- dimensional illustrations on a ? ?at surface or the making of three-dimensional anatomical models. Both ways have been pursued for millennia. |
Nội dung
Head Anatomy of Male and Female Mongolian Gazelle | 1 |
Anatomical Peculiarities of the Vocal Tract in Felids | 15 |
The Anatomical Foundation for Multidisciplinary | 23 |
Locomotionrelated Femoral Trabecular Architectures | 39 |
Threedimensional Imaging of the Manipulating Apparatus | 61 |
3D Visualization | 67 |
Evolutionary Morphology of the Autonomic Cardiac | 89 |
103 | |
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ACNS addition adult alignment analysis Anat anatomy animals apparatus architecture arms artery birds body bone brain canal cardiac branch cardiac nerve cartilage caudal cavity cervical changes Color Plates communication compared computed consistent cranial endocast digit dinosaurs directions dissection distal dorsal elephants Endo et al evolution extant extension female femoral femur fossil functional ganglia ganglion giant panda head hind limbs human Hutchinson Hylobates hyoid imaging individuals inferior Institute labyrinth larynx lateral length limb loading locomotion locomotor male male Mongolian gazelle mechanical middle morphology muscle Natural nervous system observed origin Papio phalanges pharyngeal position present Press primates proximal radial sesamoid region relatively Research rostral sauropods similar skull species specimens structures studies superior surface theropod thoracic thyroarytenoid muscle tion tissue trabecular trochanter Tyrannosaurus University vagal vein venous vertebral World monkeys