Parties undertakes to observe friendly relations towards the other and to do his best to prevent in his own country any unlawful activities affecting peace or order within the other's territory.

Article 3. His Majesty the King of 'Iraq undertakes to secure the execution of all international obligations which His Britannic Majesty has undertaken to see carried out in respect of 'Iraq.

His Majesty the King of 'Iraq undertakes not to modify the existing provisions of the 'Iraq Organic Law in such a manner as adversely to affect the rights and interests of foreigners or as to constitute any difference in rights before the law among 'Iraqis on the ground of difference of race, religion, or language.

Article 4. There shall be full and frank consultation between the High Contracting Parties in all matters of Foreign Policy which may affect their common interests.

Article 5. His Majesty the King of 'Iraq agrees to place His Britannic Majesty's High Commissioner in a position to give information to His Britannic Majesty regarding the progress of events in 'Iraq and the projects and proposals of the 'Iraq Government, and the High Commissioner will bring to the notice of His Majesty the King of 'Iraq any matter which His Britannic Majesty considers might prejudicially affect the well-being of 'Iraq or the obligations entered into under this Treaty.

Article 6. His Majesty the King of 'Iraq undertakes, so soon as local conditions in Iraq permit, to accede to all general international Agreements already existing or which may be concluded hereafter with the approval of the League of Nations in respect of the following:The Slave Trade.

The Traffic in Drugs.

The Traffic in Arms and Munitions.

The Traffic in Women and Children.

Commercial Equality.

Freedom of Transit and Navigation.

Aerial Navigation.

Postal, Telegraphic, or Wireless Communication, and measures for the Protection of Literature, Art, or Industries.

His Majesty the King of 'Iraq further undertakes to execute the provisions of the following instruments in so far as they apply to 'Iraq:The Covenant of the League of Nations.

The Treaty of Lausanne.

The Anglo-French Boundary Convention.

The San Remo Oil Agreement.

Article 7. His Majesty the King of 'Iraq undertakes to co-operate in so far as social, religious, and other conditions may permit, in the execution of any common policy adopted by the League of Nations for preventing and combating disease, including diseases of plants and animals.

Article 8. Provided the present rate of progress in 'Iraq is maintained and all goes well in the interval, His Britannic Majesty will support the candidature of 'Iraq for admission to the League of Nations in 1932.

Article 9. There shall be no discrimination in 'Iraq against the nationals

of any State, member of the League of Nations, or of any State to which His Majesty the King of 'Iraq has agreed by Treaty that the same rights should be ensured as it would enjoy if it were a member of the said League (including companies incorporated under the laws of such State), as compared with those of any other foreign State in matters concerning taxation, commerce, or navigation, the exercise of industries or professions, or in the treatment of merchant vessels or civil aircraft.

Nor shall there be any discrimination in 'Iraq against goods originating in or destined for any of the said States.

Article 10. His Britannic Majesty undertakes, at the request of His Majesty the King of 'Iraq, and on his behalf, to continue the protection of 'Iraqi nationals in foreign countries in which His Majesty the King of 'Iraq is not represented.

Article 11. Nothing in this Treaty shall affect the validity of the contracts concluded and in existence between the 'Iraq Government and British officials; in every respect those contracts shall be interpreted as if the British Officials Agreement of the 25th March, 1924, were in existence.

Article 12. A separate Agreement shall regulate the financial relations between the High Contracting Parties. This Agreement shall supersede the Financial Agreement of the 25th day of March, 1924, corresponding with the 19th day of Sha'ban, 1342, Hijrah, which shall thereupon cease to have effect.

Article 13. A separate Agreement shall regulate the military relations between the High Contracting Parties. This Agreement shall supersede the Military Agreement of the 25th day of March, 1924, corresponding with the 19th day of Sha'ban, 1342, Hijrah, which shall thereupon cease to have effect.

Article 14. His Majesty the King of 'Iraq undertakes to maintain in force the Judicial Agreement signed on the 25th day of March, 1924, corresponding to the 19th day of Sha'ban, 1342.

Article 15. Any difference that may arise between the High Contracting Parties as to the interpretation of the provisions of this Treaty shall be referred to the Permanent Court of International Justice provided for by Article 14 of the Covenant of the League of Nations. In such case, should there be any discrepancy between the English and the Arabic texts of this Treaty, the English shall be taken as the authoritative version.

Article 16. This Treaty shall come into force as soon as it has been ratified and ratifications have been exchanged in accordance with the constitutional methods of the two countries, and shall be subject to review with the object of making all modifications required by the circumstances, when 'Iraq enters the League of Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of this Treaty. This Treaty shall replace the Treaties of Alliance signed at Baghdad on the 10th day of October, 1922, corresponding with the 19th day of Sa'far, 1341, Hijrah, and on the 13th day of January, 1926, corresponding with the 28th day of Jamadi-al-Ukhra, 1344, Hijrah, which shall cease to have effect upon the entry into force of this Treaty. In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty and have affixed thereto their seals.

F

Done at London, in duplicate in the English and Arabic languages, this fourteenth day of December, One thousand nine hundred and twentyseven of the Christian Era, corresponding with the eighteenth day of Jumada-al-Thani, One thousand three hundred and forty-six, Hijrah.

JA'FAR EL ASKERI.

(L.S.)
W. ORMSBY-GORE.

(L.S.)

II.

TREATY BETWEEN HIS MAJESTY KING GEORGE V.

AND HIS

MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HEJAZ AND OF NEJD AND ITS
DEPENDENCIES.

(Signed at Jeddah, May 20, 1927. Ratifications exchanged at Jeddah, September 17, 1927.)

His Majesty the King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, on the one part; and

His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies, on the other part;

Being desirous of confirming and strengthening the friendly relations which exist between them and of consolidating their respective interests, have resolved to conclude a treaty of friendship and good understanding, for which purpose His Britannic Majesty has appointed as his plenipotentiary Sir Gilbert Falkingham Clayton, and His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies has appointed His Royal Highness the Amir Faisal ibn Abdul-Aziz, his son and Viceroy in the Hejaz, as his plenipotentiary.

His Highness the Amir Faisal ibn Abdul-Aziz and Sir Gilbert Falkingham Clayton, having examined their credentials and found them to be in good and due form, have accordingly agreed upon and concluded the following articles :

Article 1. His Britannic Majesty recognises the complete and absolute independence of the dominions of His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies.

Article 2. There shall be peace and friendship between His Britannic Majesty and His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies. Each of the High Contracting Parties undertakes to maintain good relations with the other and to endeavour by all the means at its disposal to prevent his territories being used as a base for unlawful activities directed against peace and tranquillity in the territories of the other party.

Article 3. His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies undertakes that the performance of the pilgrimage will be facilitated to British subjects and British-protected persons of the Moslem faith to the same extent as to other pilgrims, and announces that they will

be safe as regards their property and their person during their stay in the Hejaz.

Article 4. His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies undertakes that the property of the aforesaid pilgrims who may die within the territories of His Majesty and who have no lawful trustee in those territories shall be handed over to the British Agent in Jeddah or to such authority as he may appoint for the purpose, to be forwarded by him to the rightful heirs of the deceased pilgrims; provided that the property shall not be handed over to the British representative until the formalities of the competent tribunals have been complied with and the dues prescribed under Hejazi or Nejdi laws have been duly collected.

Article 5. His Britannic Majesty recognises the national (Hejazi or Nejdi) status of all subjects of His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies who may at any time be within the territories. of His Britannic Majesty or territories under the protection of His Britannic Majesty.

Similarly, His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies recognises the national (British) status of all subjects of His Britannic Majesty and of all persons enjoying the protection of His Britannic Majesty who may at any time be within the territories of His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies; it being understood that the principles of international law in force between independent Governments shall be respected.

Article 6. His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies undertakes to maintain friendly and peaceful relations with the territories of Kuwait and Bahrain, and with the Sheikhs of Qatar and the Oman Coast, who are in special treaty relations with His Britannic Majesty's Government.

Article 7. His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies undertakes to co-operate by all the means at his disposal with His Britannic Majesty in the suppression of the slave trade.

Article 8. The present treaty shall be ratified by each of the High Contracting Parties and the ratifications exchanged as soon as possible. It shall come into force on the day of the exchange of ratifications and shall be binding during seven years from that date. In case neither of the High Contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other six months before the expiration of the said period of seven years of his intention to terminate the treaty, it shall remain in force and shall not be held to have terminated until the expiration of six months from the date on which either of the parties shall have given notice of the termination to other party.

Article 9. The treaty concluded between His Britannic Majesty and His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies (then Ruler of Nejd and its then Dependencies) on the 26th December, 1915, shall cease to have effect as from the date on which the present treaty is ratified.

Article 10. The present treaty has been drawn up in English and Arabic. Both texts shall be of equal validity; but in case of divergence in the interpretation of any part of the treaty the English text shall prevail.

Article 11. The present treaty shall be known as the Treaty of Jeddah. Signed at Jeddah on Friday, May 20th, 1927 (corresponding to the 18th Zul Qa'da, 1345).

GILBERT FALKINGHAM CLAYTON.
FAISAL ABDUL-AZIZ AL SAUD.

(1.)

Sir G. Clayton to His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and its Dependencies.

Your Majesty, I have the honour to remind your Majesty that, in the course of our negotiations, which have happily resulted in the conclusion of a treaty of friendship and good understanding between His Britannic Majesty and your Majesty, the question of the frontier between the Hejaz and Transjordan was discussed, and I explained to your Majesty the position, as defined in a draft protocol submitted by me to you, which His Majesty's Government have taken up on this question and to which they must adhere. His Majesty's Government regard the above-mentioned frontier as being defined as follows:

"The frontier between the Hejaz and Transjordan starts from the intersection of meridian 38° E. and parallel 29° 35′ N. which marks the termination of the frontier between Nejd and Transjordan, and proceeds in a straight line to a point on the Hejaz Railway 2 miles south of Mudawwara. From this point it proceeds in a straight line to a point on the Gulf of Aqaba 2 miles south of the town of Aqaba." Respects.

GILBERT CLAYTON,

His Britannic Majesty's Commissioner
and Plenipotentiary.

JEDDAH, May 19th, 1927 (18th Zul Qa’da, 1345).

(2.)

Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdul-Rahman al Faisal al Saud to His Britannic Majesty's Commissioner and Plenipotentiary.

(Translation.)

In reply to your letter dated the 18th Zul Qa'da, 1345, on the subject of the Hejaz-Transjordan frontier, we note that His Majesty's Government adhere to their position, but we find it impossible, in the present circumstances, to effect a final settlement of this question. Nevertheless, in view of our true desire to maintain cordial relations based on solid ties of friendship, we desire to express to your Excellency our willingness to maintain the status quo in the Ma'an-Aqaba district, and we promise not to interfere in its administration until favourable circumstances will permit a final settlement of this question.

Respects.

(Sealed) ABDUL-AZIZ IBN ABDUL-RAHMAN AL SAUD.

19th Zul Qa'da, 1345 (May 21st, 1927).