Ancient China SimplifiedChapman & Hall, Limited, 1908 - 332 trang |
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ancestors annals August Emperor barbarian barbarous brother capital century B.C. Ch'ên CHAPTER chariots Chêng China Chinese federal Chinese history Chinese princes Chou dynasty Chou Emperor civilization Confucian Confucius conquest Corea course Duke Muh Duke of Chou Duke of Sung durbar east eclipses envoy eunuchs fact federal princes feudal fiefs founder Grand Canal Han River Hia dynasty Hwai River imperial clan instance Japanese Kiang King of Ts'u King of Wu Kwan-tsz Lao-tsz later mentioned ministers modern Nan province Ngwei orthodox Chinese petty philosopher political possession posthumous name recorded reigning rites ritual River Sz River Wei ruler of Lu ruler of Ts'i ruling sacrifices Second Protector Shan Tung Shang dynasty Shuh Hiang statesman Sz Ch'wan Tartar territory throne treaty tribes Ts'in Tsin and Ts'u Tsz-ch'an vassal vassal princes Wei Yang whilst Yang-tsz Yellow River Yen-tsz Yüeh
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Trang 101 - Treaties were always very solemn functions, invariably accompanied by the sacrifice of a victim (usually a sheep or a calf). A part of the victim, or of its blood, was thrown into a ditch in order that the spirit of the earth may bear witness to the deed ; the rest of the blood was rubbed upon the lips of the parties concerned, and also scattered upon the documents by way of inspection.
Trang 318 - Wen took virtue as his guide and thus gradually pacified the four quarters of the world.' It also says: 'The methods of King Wu secured the confidence of all the other countries.' Where were the written laws in those times? When people begin to get the contentious spirit in them, they will have done with the principles of propriety and only stickle for the letter; they will haggle upon every tiny point accessible to knife's...
Trang 318 - When the people become cognizant of a written law they will cease to fear their superiors and moreover will acquire a contentious spirit. Having a book to refer to they will employ every device to elude the letter of the law. This will not do at all.
Trang 120 - He also collected into six books or main heads all that was best in the laws of the different feudal states, and composed therefrom a work styled the " Legal Classic," which may be compared (very humbly) with the Roman Institutes of Gaius.
Trang 318 - The methods of King Wu secured the confidence of all the other countries.' Where were the written laws in those times? When people begin to get the contentious spirit in them, they will have done with the principles of propriety and only stickle for the letter; they will haggle upon every tiny point accessible to knife's edge and awl's tip. We shall witness a flood of litigation; bribery and corruption will be rampant." This insistence on the inexpediency of the...
Trang 197 - There is not the smallest hint of any immigration of Chinese from the Tarim Valley, from any part of Tartary, from India, Tibet, Burma, the Sea, or the South Sea Islands : in fact, there is no hint of immigration from anywhere even in China itself, except as above hypothetically described There the Chinese are, and there they were ; and there is an end to the question, so far as documentary evidence goes.
Trang 98 - ... year. The higher branches of learning consisted of (1) rituals, (2) music, (3) archery, (4) horsemanship. (5) literature, and (6) mathematics. In other words, education embraced moral, military and intellectual training. "It is the father's fault if at the binding of the hair (eight years of age) boys do not go to the teacher, though it may be the mother's fault if before that age they do not escape the dangers of fire and water ; it is their own fault if after having gone to the teacher they...
Trang 91 - Of eunuchs we shall have more to say shortly ; but very little indeed is heard of private slaves, who probably then, as now, were indistinguishable from the ordinary people, and were treated kindly. The callous Greek and still more brutal Roman system, not to mention the infinitely more cowardly and shocking African slavery abuses of eighteenth-century Europe and nineteenth-century America, have never been known in China : no such thing as a slave revolt has ever been heard of there.
Trang 194 - There is no documentary evidence for the barest existence of ancient China, or of any part of it, which is not to be found in the Chinese records, and in them alone ; no nation anywhere near China has any record or tradition of either its own or of China's existence at a period earlier than the Chinese records indicate. Those records do not contain the faintest allusion to Egypt, Babylonia...
Trang 42 - Protector system, (4) the triumph of might over rite (right and rite being one with Confucius), and (5) the desirability of a prompt return to the good old feudal ways — that he abandoned his own corrupt and ungrateful principality, began his peripatetic teaching in the other orthodox states, composed a warning history full of lessons for future guidance, and established what we somewhat inaccurately call a " religion " for the political guidance of mankind.