lieutenant-general, and appointed minister of foreign affairs.

At the end of three months, finding himself embarrassed by the various factions, and being sin cerely desirous to see the king's council possessing proper dignity, and his measures governed by constitutional principles, he changed the ministry and obtained a promise that the king would sanction two decrees which appeared expedient to his service. The king would not grant him his permission; the ministry was again changed by his order, and general Dumouriez took the war department. But, soon perceiving that the court had deceived him, he resolved not to be the instrument of their intrigues; and gave in his resignation three days after being appointed minister of war.

Louis was two days before he would accept of his resignation, and he did not suffer him to depart without expressing the deepest

regret.

One month had not elapsed after the departure of the minister, for the army, before the king was insulted; and, at the end of the second month, he was a prisoner in the Temple!

The enemy entered France; the leaders of the revolution revenged themselves on the unfortunate Louis. Dumouriez, as a citizen and a general, had only to repulse the enemy, in the expectation that their retreat would lessen the danger which surrounded the king. There was still reason to think, that the excesses of the revolutionists might be checked. Dumouriez refused Lafayette's premature example, and he succeeded him in the command of the army of the north. He marched with a few soldiers against

the Prussian army, of almost 100,000 men strong, and by the most expert manoeuvres, arrested their march, took their strongest positions, and wrote to the assem bly, "Verdun is taken: I wait for the Prussians. The defiles of the Argonne are the Thermopyle of France; but I shall be happier than Leonidas." In truth, in s very few days the invaders had fled.

The genius of Dumourier changed in this campaign the des tinies of France and of Europe.

His prudence had obtained him the victory almost without a com bat, and Dumouriez flew to oppose other enemies, and to display very varied talent. On the plains of Jemappes he gained a decisive victory, and the standards of France soon floated over all Belgium.

After these events, general Dumouriez returned to Paris, where the trial of Louis 16th had already commenced. He had little doubt of saving Louis 16th. He had sent a certain number of his officers to Paris, to facilitate this design, and depended on the cooperation of a part of the Assembly, and of the population. All his expectations deceived him; and Louis 16th perished.

He

troy the love his troops bore to him, as well as their confidence in him. The commissariat supplies failed-the invaded provinces were exhausted all his resources diminished-in order to encourage insubordination, and to prepare for the overthrow of this general, whose renown was alarming. These measures were put into execution with such effect, that, in spite of the most prudent precautions and most useful combinations, Dumouriez failed in a campaign, which was the last, and might have been the most important.

General Dumouriez hastened to treat with the prince of Coburg for the evacuation of Belgium, and very soon after obliged him, by a new treaty, to respect the French territory; whilst he himself determined to lead his soldiers to the capital, to disperse its tyrannical legislators, to save the family of the unfortunate monarch, and to re-establish the constitution of 1791. The anarchy of the government was to be reformed by Frenchmen alone; and it was only in case of Dumouriez's want of sufficient forces, that, at his demand, the prince of Coburg was to furnish what he should require, while the remainder of the army of the enemy should remain on the frontiers.

The Convention being instantly informed of all, by some of the officers, summoned the general to their bar, and sent police officers to arrest him. He determined upon arresting the police officers himself, and delivered them up to the prince of Coburg, as hostages and guarantees for the safety of the royal family.

General Dumouriez issued his orders; but many of his generals neglected to execute them, and VOL. LXV.

some even refused. The army, to which the Convention had, sent its spies, was carried away; the general was obliged to leave them, and to take refuge at the head quarters of the enemy.

Afterwards he found an asylum in Switzerland, and there published a volume of his "Memoirs," which soon obtained him many friends: but Switzerland was too near to France, and was about to yield to the latter. The general was obliged to fly: he went to Hamburgh. The Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Cassel, father-in-law of the king of Denmark, bought an estate in Holstein, of which he was the governor; furnished it, placed horses and a carriage in the stables, and went in search of his friend; whom he conducted to this retreat. "This is yours," said he, "I am sorry it is not in my power to offer you more than a pension of 400 louis!"

England was his last home, where the government received him with generous hospitality. An illness of a few days, unaccompanied with pain- a rapid physical decline, which did not impair his fine understanding, or his generous spirit-bore him. away, in the midst of religious consolations, from the cares of his friends already become his children. On the day of his death he rose at eight o'clock; as usual he lay down at twelve, at the desire of his medical attendant; and breathed his last at twenty-five minutes past two.

He was short in stature, but well formed; his countenance was agreeable; his eyes sparkling with brilliancy even to the last; he was full of kindness and gaiety, and his mind was enriched with varied and extensive knowledge; he under Q*

be transmitted. He did in fact receive orders to repair at 10 o'clock that night with a brigade of infantry to Vincennes. It was not until he arrived at this destination that his orders had any relation to the duke d'Enghien. The members of the military commission had assembled in the great hall of the palace. The doors were open, and any one who pleased might have entered. The prince was in the presence of the commission when Savary arrived, and was speaking warmly to his judges. When pressed for an explanation respecting his intentions, he said, "I had proposed to the English government to take service in its army, and was answered that it could not be given me, but that I ought to stop on the Rhine, where I would soon have a part to perform, and I did stop there. I have nothing more to say." When the proceedings were concluded, the hall was cleared, and the commissioners continued in deliberation; after which the sentence was pronounced. The officer, who commanded the infantry of Savary's legion, then informed him that he was required to furnish a piquet for the execution of the sentence. The piquet was accordingly supplied, and the reason the fosse of the castle was selected for the sanguinary transaction was, that there was the least chance of any other person than the victim being wounded. After the execution Savary proceeded to Paris. Near the barrier, he met M. Real, on his way to Vincennes, and in his costume of councillor of state. Savary asked him, whither he was going? He replied, that he had received orders to go to Vincennes to interrogate the duke d'Enghien.

Savary told the councillor of state what had happened, and they were mutually astonished. The circumstance of meeting Talleyrand at Murat's now struck Savary very forcibly, and excited his suspicion of some intrigue. He hastened to Malmaison, to inform the first con→ sul of what had taken place. Buonaparte could not conceive it possible, that the trial and condemnation could have taken place before the arrival of M. Real. He observed that Real was ordered to examine the duke on a point which it was important to clear up, and concluded by saying" Here is a crime which leads to nothing, and which tends only to render me odious." Thus the great object in seizing the duke d'Enghien, to ascertain, whether he was the mysterious personage who had appeared in Paris, was disappointed. Savary says that he was not to have been put upon trial until he was recognized upon being confronted with the parties implicated in the conspiracy; but it was not until after the execution, that Pichegru was discovered to be the person alluded to by the witnesses. M. Real also had a conference on the subject at Malmaison, and to him Buonaparte expressed regret at the event, and indignation at the conduct of Talleyrand. Nevertheless, it was thought prudent to keep secret the circumstances of this extraordinary case.

The sentence of the military commission was inserted in the "Moniteur," without any explanation. Whether this was done from pride, or that it should not appear to Europe, at the moment a new war was about to commence, that the germs of discord existed in the country, Savary does not pretend to determine.