bredde nor shall he take nought for lytter and shal have to his gayne an halfpenny of every busshel of otes over the price in the market; and that is confirmed by the statute whiche wyll that if he bake his brede within hym he shall yelde treble value of the bredde so made in his hosterie, and he shall forfeite the treble of the gayne that he hath over the halfpeny in the busshel. 13 Ric. 2." What is the nature of horse bread? * "Also ye shall enquire if any man by or sel by payse of auncel, whiche is forbidden by divers statutes for the disceyte that hath been founde therin upon peyne of forfaiture of the goods so peysed." 8 Hen. 4. "Also that no man bye wolle by the wordes good packyng or bye other wordes lyke upon payne the broker to have enprisonment of half a yere." 13 Ric. 2. "Also that every man shall have array according to his degree in the defence of the realme, and betwene 60 and 16 shal be sworne to have competent array within him, i. e. a man of forty 1. live lode (sic, viz. livelyhood) and goodes to the value of 40 marke an habergin salet spere swerde and hors; a man of 201. of lande, and goodes to the value of 20 mark an habergin salet spere swerde; and a man of an 100 shillings of lande a spere bow arrowes and swerde; a man of 40 shillings of lande and above 200 shillings of lande bowe arrowes spere and swerde; a man under 40 shillings of lande and goodes under the value of 20 markes gysarmes and other small weppyns, and they without the forest bowes and arrowes, and they within the forest bowes and pelettes. Wynchest." Habergin is armour to cover the breast, but what are salets and * Does not the Northumberland Household Book make mention of bread, composed of beans, &c. " for the principal horses ?" Editor. M 2 peletts ? * 10.li. 3. Ric. 2. peletts? The last I believe are small bullets, and gysarmes are here included among small weapons, and may be what were before spelt gayes. Did they shoot balls from bows? Pelt comes from Pellet. "Also no purveyour shal bye more corne to the quarter than 8 busshels by the borde," &c. What means by the borde? Borde means border or edge, apparently then it means struck even with the edge and not heaped up, "Also enquire of them that hauke or hunt in other, mennes warrenes, or kepe hounds of venery, but if he be a secular man and may dispende freely and clerely 40 shillings of freeholde by yere, and yf he be a prest or clerke, he ought to be avaynced to a benefice of 40 sh. by yere, statutum anno 13 Hen. 2. capit. 13." It is said from Peacham, in your N° 35, p. 258, that hawking was first in modern times practised by Frederick Barbarossa, at his siege of Rome, who became Emperor of Germany in 1152; but this must be erroneous, for we here find that it was practised in England, and a statute made concerning it in the 13th of Henry II. whose accession was in 1154. It is also said there "that by the canon law hawking was forbidden the clergy," but we here find that it was allowed to them in England by statute. It is said there moreover "that it may be inferred from an act of parliament of 34th of Edw. IV. that possession of an hawk could not be kept but by a gentleman with estate." here find the qualification to be fixed to 40s. freehold, but it seems to go no further than to prevent hawking in other men's warrens, at least in 1th of Hen. II. which was above 300 years before of Edw. IV. 34 We Query. Instruments similar to the pellet bows now in use for rock shooting Editor. "Inquisitio "Inquisitio circa falsos proditores et rebelles. "Inquiratur pro domino rege, &c. quod falsi proditores rebelles et inimici ignoti Christianissimi principis E. regis anglie 4 post conquestum dictis die et anno vi et armis viz. gladiis glavis arcubus sagittis loricis duploibus defensivis et aliis armaturis defensivis insurrescerunt &c." Is a King of England any where else called most Christian? The word glavis seems to be the French glaive, but what does duploibus mean? It seems to be some kind of defensive armour or arms. In another form of inquisition it is styled duploidibus defensis et aliis armis defensibilibus. In another place we have "vi et ar. bacu. gla. arcub. sagitt. loric. duplodibus defeu. paletis lanceis scurribus querrinis gonnes balistis, &c." Which is the right way of spelling duplodibus seems uncertain, neither can I find any means to ascertain its sense: defeu. appears to be an error for defen. Has doublet, a coarse thick waistcoat, any connexion with duploibus? "Sacramentum probationis in Duello. "This here you iustice that I have this day neyther eate ne dronke nor have upon me stone ne geasse ne other enchantement, sorcery ne withcrafte, where thoroughe the power of the worde of God myght be enlessed or demenysshed, and the devylles power encressed, and that myn appelle is true so helpe me God and his sayntes, and by this boke, &c." "Proclamatio pro rege in Duello. "The iustices commaundeth in the kynges name, that no persone of what estate degre or condition he be beyng present be so hardy to gyve any token or signe by countenaunce speche or language eyther to the provour or defender, wherby that one of them may take any avayle of the other, and that no persone remeve but kepe still his place and come nat within the cercle, and that every persone or persones kepe their staves and other weppyns to themselfe and suffer neyther the sayd provour nor defender to take any of the sayd weppins or any other thynge that myght stande the sayd provour to any avayle upon the payne of forfaiture of londes and tenementes goodes and catayles and emprisonment of theyr bodyes and fyne and raunsome at the kynges wyll, &c." Through the blotting of letters I cannot ascertain whether the above word be geasse or grasse, but I think the former, and it may possibly be the same word as gayes or gys before, but spelt differently, which means evidently some smaller kind of defensive weapon. Now I find by Lacombe's Dict. that gise is an old French word, meaning a goad for cattle, aiguillon dont on pique les bœufs, and that gisir means to resist a person; that guysarmier is a person armed with a guisarme; it may be a kind of walkingstiek armed with a pike or some iron head; but whether it comes as above from gise or from guetter to watch I know not: guet was anciently spelt guyette and garder was spelt guarder and guvarder. another passage we have the following sentence. In "Vi et armis scilicet gladiis baculis vaugis falcastris arcubus et sagittis." Falcastrum is explained by Isidorus as being any thing in form of a scythe; but what does vaugis mean? Lacombe mentions vuorge as signifying a kind of arm in form of a bill-hook (serpe). Many Norman words seem to have been in vulgar use in that age, which are now quite unknown. As for instance again there is a form of indictment against a man de diversis feloniis et captilibus mulic rum; to scour. rum; what means captilibus? Isidorus mentions capitella as meaning the heads of any things. Again we meet with pro parte vel alio proficuo per conventionem. Here it appears by what follows that proficuo means some compensation for or profit made of the part aforementioned. Where elsewhere can such a word be found? Many vulgar words also are strangely Latinized, as obstupare for to stop up, and escurare And in the following sentence cum bobus, ofris porcis bibentibus averreiis et aliis, as verres means a boar, averres may mean a gelt pig, but what is ofris? I can only guess that it denotes a heifer; in Saxon it is spelt heahfore. In the following clause of a will, what do ferreum argent mean, and also murdrum?" Item, lego S. filiole mee unam zonam de ferreo argent, unam murdrum quinque unciarum argenti et sex cocliaria." Sometimes murdrum is found here as an abbreviation of murderandum. Moreover an acre of land is here abutted on one side super venellam de poding-lane, what means Venella? Lacombe explains Venne by palisade, enclosure, hedge: Venella may be a diminutive. In a sentence quoted before, and in many others, we meet with anno 4 5 Regis Henrici, &c. post conquestum or a conquestu. Blackstone had asserted in his Commentaries, that conquestus, and conquestor anciently meant nothing more than accession of a king without including any idea of conquest or acquisition by force of arms; therefore when applied to William the Norman meant only his acquisition of the crown of England. Mr. Ritson has somewhere disputed this, and that it implied the modern sense of conqueror. Blackstone is here fully vindicated, for we find the above word a conquestu here M 4 vel applied |