Ostracism: The Power of SilenceGuilford Press, 1 thg 7, 2002 - 282 trang Ostracism is among the most powerful means of social influence. From schoolroom time-outs or the "silent treatment" from a family member or friend, to governmental acts of banishment or exile, ostracism is practiced in many contexts, by individuals and groups. This lucidly written book provides a comprehensive examination of this pervasive phenomenon, exploring the short- and long-term consequences for targets as well as the functions served for those who exclude or ignore. Within a cogent theoretical framework, an exemplary research program is presented that makes use of such diverse methods as laboratory experiments, surveys, narrative accounts, interviews, Internet-based research, brief role-plays, and week-long simulations. The resulting data shed new light on how ostracism affects the individual's coping responses, self-esteem, and sense of belonging and control. Informative and timely, this book will be received with interest by researchers, practitioners, and students in a wide range of psychological disciplines. |
Nội dung
Ostracism Ubiquitous and Powerful | 1 |
A Review of the Literature | 7 |
Previous Social Psychological Investigations of Ostracism | 15 |
Limitations of Early Social Psychological Research | 17 |
Conclusions | 18 |
Forty Years of Solitude Cases of Ostracism | 19 |
Forty Years of Solitude | 20 |
Targets Perspectives | 21 |
Conclusions | 123 |
Laboratory Experiments The BallTossing Paradigm | 125 |
Experiments 1 and 2 Effects of Ostracism on the Loss and Reclamation of Control | 129 |
Experiments 3 Effects of Ostracism on Belonging and Reinclusion into the Group | 135 |
Conclusion | 140 |
More Laboratory Experiments The Train Ride | 142 |
Study 1 Ostracism Can Cause Targets to Overestimate Consensus | 144 |
Study 2 Causally Unclear Ostracism Is Worse Than Causally Clear Ostracism | 147 |
Sources Perspectives | 34 |
Conclusions | 42 |
A Model of Ostracism | 43 |
The Model | 45 |
Taxonomic Dimensions | 47 |
Antecedents | 57 |
Moderators and Mediators | 58 |
Ostracism Threatens Four Fundamental | 59 |
Temporal Stages | 64 |
Application of the Model to Sources | 65 |
Conclusion | 69 |
Forty Minutes of Silence Narratives of ShortTerm Episodes of the Silent Treatment | 70 |
Some Background into the Silent Treatment | 71 |
Perceptions of Its Behaviors and Associated Feelings | 73 |
Study 2 Perceptions and SelfRatings of the Silent Treatment | 78 |
Summary of Studies 1 and 2 | 81 |
Where Is the Silent Treatment in the Taxonomy? | 82 |
Narratives of the Silent Treatment | 83 |
Study 3 Narratives of Younger University Students | 86 |
Study 4 Narratives of Older University Students | 91 |
Combining the Common Results of Studies 3 to 4 | 93 |
Examining the Role of SelfEsteem in the Use of and Reactions to the Silent Treatment | 94 |
Why Do Targets Experience More Control When the Cause Is Unclear? | 95 |
Conclusion | 96 |
The Scarlet Letter Study Five Days of Ostracism | 99 |
The Scarlet Letter Study | 101 |
Summary of Findings | 120 |
Study 3 Ostracism Is Worse Than Argument | 148 |
Study 4 Effects of Ostracism Argument and Inclusion on Needs Stress and Anxiety | 151 |
Study 5 Effects of Ostracism and Argument on Stress Mood and Eating | 157 |
Conclusions | 159 |
Cyberostracism Getting Silenced on the Internet | 162 |
Cyberostracism | 165 |
The Online Flying Disc and Cyberball Experiments | 166 |
ChatRoom Paradigms | 184 |
Conclusions | 188 |
Ostracism in and by Organizations | 189 |
Ostracism and the Whistleblower | 191 |
Ostracism and the Temp | 205 |
The Company Ostracizing the Consumer | 210 |
Conclusions | 216 |
Everyday Ostracism over Days Months and Years | 218 |
The Sydney Ostracism Record | 219 |
The SORS Study | 222 |
The SORT Study | 226 |
Summary of Diary Findings | 229 |
Conclusion | 238 |
Reflections and Future Aims | 240 |
Recent Research by Other Investigators | 248 |
Future Research | 251 |
Conclusions | 258 |
259 | |
275 | |
Ấn bản in khác - Xem tất cả
Thuật ngữ và cụm từ thông dụng
ambiguity anxiety asked attributions aversive impact ball Baumeister behaviors Brown causal clarity causally unclear Chapter chat-room cism cized confederates coworkers Cyberball cyberostracism e-mail effects of ostracism examine experience experimenter eye contact feel felt flying disc forms of ostracism giving the silent hypothesized ignored in-group included individuals interaction Internet interpersonal interviews less long-term ostracism manipulation meaningful existence ment motives narratives negative oblivious ostracism ostracism condition ostracized participants partial ostracism partners perceived person Peter Salovey physical ostracism predicted psychology quantity of ostracism questionnaire reactions reason receiving the silent rejection relationship reported response role role-prescribed Scarlet Letter self-esteem self-report sense of belonging silent treatment social loafing social ostracism Social Psychology sources and targets sources of ostracism structured interviews suggest talk targets and sources targets of ostracism temps threat threatened time-out tion tracism types of ostracism University of Toledo users verbal viduals whistleblowers woman wrote