Fulk count of Anjou, protects William, son of Robert, duke of Normandy, 1. 259. Contracts his daughter to William, eldest son of King Henry). of England, 259. Marries her afterwards to William, son of Duke Robert, 263. Marries his son Geoffrey to the daughter of Henry I., 263.

-, curate of Neuilly, his bold counsel to Richard I., i. 369. Richard's reply to him, 369.

Gainsborough, battle of, between Oliver Cromwell and Cavendish, v. 257. Galilæo, a comparison between, and Lord Bacon, iv. 525.

Gama, Vasquez de, his first passage to the East Indies round the Cape of Good Hope, iii. 75.

Gardening, and garden stuff, when first introduced into England, iii. 314. Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, joins the duke of Norfolk in opposing the reformation, iii. 204. Acts covertly against the religious innovations, 249. Foments a cruel persecution of heretics, 267. Proposes certain Latin terms to be retained in the English version of the Scriptures, 276. Is sent ambassador to the emperor, 299. Dissuades Henry from further alterations in religion, 299. Endeavors to procure an impeachment of Queen Catharine Par for heresy, 303. Opposes the steps towards retor mation, taken by the protector and regency during the minority of Edward VI., 326. Writes an apology for holy water, 327. His remonstrances against religious innovations, 328. Is committed to the Fleet, and harshly used, 328. His objections to the homilies, 329. Is committed to the Tower for denying the supremacy of the regency during a minority, 352. Refuses to subscribe articles propounded to him, 367. Is deprived and closely confined, 368. Is released by Queen Mary, 391. His generous assistance to Peter Martyr, 394. Is made chancellor, and promotes the Spanish match, 398. His moderate counsel on the occasion, 398. His speech at the opening of a new parliament, 407. Debates with Cardinal Pole about the expediency of punishing heretics, 415. Procures Rogers, prebendary of St. Paul's, to be burnt for heresy, 419. Engages Bonner and others to persecute the reformers, 421. Dies, 427. Garnet, a Jesuit, engages in the famous gunpowder plot, iv. 402. ecuted, 405. Is regarded in Spain as a martyr, 405.

Is ex

Garter, institution of that order of knighthood, ii. 236. Traditional account of the occasion of it, 236.

Gascoigne, Judge, imprisons Prince Henry, afterwards Henry V., for insulting him in his office, ii. 346. His kind reception by Henry, when king, 346.

Gascony, a descent made on that province by invitation of some factious lords, without effect, ii. 431.

Gaston de Foix, nephew to Lewis XII. of France, his character, iii. 89. Is killed in a victory he gained over the Spanish and papal armies, 89. Gavaston, Piers, his character, ii. 144. His ascendency over Prince Edward, 144. Is banished by Edward I., 144. Is recalled by Edward 11., 144. His preferments, 144. His vanity, 145; and contempt of the English, 145. Is left guardian of the realm on the king's journey to France, 145. A confederacy formed against him by Thomas, earl of Lancaster, 146. His banishment demanded by Lancaster in parliament, 146. Returns, 147. Banished again by the council of ordainers, 148. Is recalled by the king, 149. Is taken prisoner by Pembroke at Scarborough, 150. Is seized by the earl of Warwick, and beheaded in Warwick Castle, 150. Gaucour, Lord, is governor of Orleans, when besieged by the earl of Salisbury, ii. 385.

Gavelkind, origin of, i. 177. In the Irish customs, how regulated, iv. 422 Is abolished there, 423.

Gauls, their ancient manners described, i. 2. See France.

Gaunt, John of. See Lancaster.

Mrs., her cruel fate, vi. 298.

flenoa is bombarded by Lewis XIV., and forced to submit to terme prescribed by him, vi. 278.

Geoffrey, son of Fulk, count of Anjou; married to the daughter of Henry I., i. 263.

brother of King Henry II., invades Anjou and Maine, i. 291. Accepts a pension in lieu, 291. Dies, 292.

third son of King Henry II., invested by his father with the duchy of Brittany, i. 335. Instigated by his mother, Eleanor, to revolt against him, 337. Is reconciled to him, 346. Rebels again, 352. Is slain in a tournament, 352. His son Arthur invested in the duchy of Brittany, 353. See Arthur.

-, natural son of Henry II., is the only child who retained his duty to him, i. 358. When archbishop of York, swears fidelity to his brother Richard I. on his departure on the crusade, 369. Is imprisoned by Longchamp, 377.

archdeacon of Norwich, his behavior in the court of exchequer on hearing of the excommunication of King John, i. 415. How killed by John, 415.

Geography, strange instance of the ignorance of the English in, at the time of Edward III., ii. 277.

Gerard, and his heretical followers, cruel treatment of, in the reign of Henry II., i. 326.

Baltazar, assassinates the prince of Orange, iv. 205.

protector, v. 448.

and Vowel, two royalists, executed for a conspiracy against the Germans, ancient, a character of, i. 12. Their government, 12, 152. Their manners, 13. Flock over into Britain, 17. Nature of their religion, 23. Are the first founders of the feudal law, and on what principles, 441. The nature of their establishments explained, 442.

Germany, how divided under the feudal system, i. 141. Ilenry IV., emperor, permits his vassals to assist the Norman invasion, 143. The free nature of the several states in, 152. The Anglo-Saxon criminal law traced from, 166. The commencement of the reformation in, by Martin Luther, iii. 132. Progress of the reformation among the princes of, 132. A peace favorable to the Protestants, procured from the emperor, by Maurice, elector of Saxony, 397. See Charles V., and Maurice. The crown of Bohemia offered to the elector palatine, iv. 455. See Frederic. Battle of Prague, 456. The elector palatine put under the ban of the empire, 462. His electoral dignity transferred to the duke of Bavaria, 471. Successes of Gustavus, king of Sweden, there, v. 63. The long wars in, terminated by the treaty of Westphalia, 454., A league formed at Augsbourg, under the influence of the prince of Orange, against Lewis XIV., vi. 332.

Ghent, the treaty called the pacification of, iv. 168. Is taken by Lewis XIV., vi. 154.

Gibson, a Scots preacher, curses James VI. in his pulpit, iv. 215.

Gifford, a priest, is employed by Walsingham to forward the correspond ence between Mary, queen of Scots, and Babington, iv. 219. Carries the letters to Walsingham, 220.

Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, his speech in the house of commons in defence of the legal prerogative, iv. 137.

Githa, mother of Harold, excites an insurrection at Exeter against Wil liam the Conqueror, i. 188. Retreats to Flanders, 188.

Glamorgan, earl of, his commission from Charles I. with regard to Ireland v. 318. Concludes a secret treaty with the council of Kilkenny, 318. Is committed to prison by the lord lieutenant, 319. Vindication of the king from the charge of authorizing this secret treaty, 547.

Glass, the manufacture of, when first brought into England, vi 370. Glendour, Owen, his insurrection in Wales, ii. 330. Takes the earl of Marche and his uncle prisoners, 331.

Gloucester, when first erected into a bishopric, iii. 245.

————, Robert, earl of, natural ecn of Henry I., swears a conditional

fealty to King Stephen, i. 274. Consequences of this example, 275. Re tires abroad, and defies the king, 276. Returns with the empress Ma tilda, 278. Defeats Stephen, and takes him prisoner, 279..

Gloucester, earl of, confederates with the earl of Leicester against Henry III., ii. 31. Joins the royal party, 38. Dies, 41.

Gilbert, earl of, son to the former, joins the earl of Leicester, ii. 42. Refuses with Leicester to abide by the arbitration of Lewis of France, 47. Commands a body of troops at the battle of Lewes, 48. Takes Henry prisoner, 49. Is ill treated by Leicester, 51. Retires from Leicester's parliament, 54. Assists Prince Edward in escaping from the custody of Leicester, 56. Rebels again, 60. Henry's lenity towards him 60. Attends Prince Edward on a crusade, 60. Marries the daughter of Edward I., 89. Is fined for violences committed on Bohun, earl of Here ford, 89. His son killed at the battle of Bannockburn, 153.

duke of, uncle to Richard II., his character, ii. 279. Supplanted in his influence over the king by Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford, 288. Prevails on the house of commons to impeach Michael de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, 289. Deprives Richard of his regal power, by the appointment of a council of fourteen to continue for a year, 291. Raises forces against the king, 293. Defeats Robert de Vere, duke of Ireland, 293. His arbitrary proceedings against the ministry, 294. Rejects the queen's humble solicitation in favor of Sir Simon Burley, 296. Is removed fron the council board, 296. His cabals against the king, 299. Sent over to Calais by the king, 301. Appealed against in the house of peers, 302. Proceedings against his party, 302. Murdered, 303. His revenue, 373. Humphrey, duke of, brother to Henry V., left by him regent of England, during the minority of Henry VI., ii. 369. Constituted by parliament guardian of the kingdom only during the duke of Bedford's absence, 374. Enters into a precipitate marriage with the countess of Hainault, 381. Fatal consequences of that measure, 38. Reconciled to the bishop of Winchester by the duke of Bedford, 382. Fresh disputes with him, which throws the English affairs into confusion, 404. His duchess tried for witchcraft, 410. Murdered, 411. His character,

412.

Richard, duke of, brother to Edward IV., reported to have stabbed Prince Edward, son of Henry VI., ii. 471. Commands in an invasion of Scotland, and takes Berwick, which is yielded by treaty, 482. Left regent of the kingdom by his brother Edward IV., during the minority of his son, 485. His character and views, 485. Arrests the earl of Rivers, the young king's guardian, 487. Made protector of the realm, 488. Orders the death of the earl of Rivers, 488. Marks out Lord Hastings for destruction, 490. His extraordinary behavior in council, 490. Concerts the immediate murder of Lord Hastings, 490. Declare! his brother's marriage invalid, 492 Declares his brother illegitimate, 492. Procures Dr. Shaw to establish these points in a sermon at St. Paul's, 492. Ill success of this scheme, 493. Accepts the crown offered by the duke of Buckingham as a popular tender, 494. Orders the mur der of Edward V. and the duke of York in the Tower, 494. See Rich ard III.

duke of, youngest son of Charles I., his father's discourse te him before his execution, v. 376. Is sent abroad by Cromwell, 383. A present voted to him by parliament on his brother's iestoration, 517. His death and character, vi. 7.

Godfrey of Bouillon, created king of Jerusalem, i. 241.

----, Sir Edmondbury, murdered, vi. 179. The general confusion or this event, 179. His extraordinary funeral, 180. His death not to ne accounted for, 181. Green, Berry, and Hill, tried and executed for this murder, 193.

Godwin, Earl, his bravery under Canute, in Denmark, i. 117. Rewuded by obtaining his daughter in marriage, 117. Murders Alfred, son of y ing

Ethelred, 120. His method of appeasing Hardicanute for this act, 122.
Marries his daughter to King Edward the Confessor, 123. His exorbi.
tant power, 125. Raises an army against Edward, 127. Flies to Flan-
ders, 128. Makes descents on the English coast, 128. Received to favor,
129.
Gondomar, the Spanish ambassador, remonstrates against Sir Walter Ra
leigh's expedition to Guiana, iv. 449. Offers the second daughter of
Spain to Prince Charles, 453.

Goodwin, Sir Francis, his seat in parliament vacated on account of cut-
lawry, by the chancellor, iv. 391. Is restored to his seat by the house,
391. Disputes on this occasion. 391. How compromised, 392.
Gordon, Lady Catharine, a Scots lady, married to Perkin Warbec, iii. 49.
Taken prisoner by Henry VII., and generously treated, 57.

Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, returns from Dieppe, with his ship, contrary to
orders, v. 8.

Goring enters into an association, with other officers, to petition king and
parliament against popular innovations, v. 162. Betrays the secret to
the commons, 163. Is made governor of Portsmouth by the commons,
215. Declares for the king, and is reduced by the parliament's forces,
232. His letter to the king intercepted by Fairfax, 312.
Gossipping, among women, a proclamation against, iii. 314.
Government, the feudal frame of, introduced by the Norman conquest, 1.
195. The first beginnings of the popular frame of, in England, ii. 101.
Amidst all its fluctuations, the will of the monarch never absolute and
uncontrollable, 513. That of England, in the time of Queen Elizabeth,
compared with that of Turkey, iv. 350. Remarks on, with reference to
the case of King Charles I., v. 380.

-, ecclesiastical, a review of, during the reign of James I., iv.
400.
Gourdon, a Norman archer, wounds Richard I. with an arrow, which occa-
sions his death, i. 390. His noble reply to Richard, 390. His cruel fate,
390.

Adam de, his troops vanquished, and himself taken prisoner by
Prince Edward, son of Henry III., ii. 58. Is taken into favor by that
prince, 58.

Gournay and Mautravers, the keepers of the deposed King Edward II.,
cruelly murder him, ii. 168. Their fates, 168.

Gower, barony of, commotions excited among the barons, by the seizure of,
from John de Mowbray, ii. 157.

Gowry, earl of, enters into an association for seizing the young King James
from the power of Lenox and Arran, iv. 190. Is tried and executed, 197.
Graham, Captain, is repulsed in an attack on a conventicle at Loudon Hill,
vi. 210.

Granville, Cardinal, his arbitrary conduct in the Low Countries occasions
a revolt of the Flemish Protestants, iv. 148.

Sir John, sends Dr. Monk to negotiate for the king, with his
brother, the general, v. 604. Comes over to Monk himself, and prevails
with him to declare his intentions, 512. Presents the king's letter to the
house of commons, 516.

Gratian and Vivian, nuncios to Pope Alexander III., attempt in vain to
reconcile Henry II. and Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, i. 317.
Gravelines, battle there between Count Egmont, the Spanish general, and
De Thermes, the French governor of Calais, iii. 444. Interview there
between the emperor Charles V. and Henry VIII., 124.

Gray, Lord, is sent by Queen Elizabeth with forces to the assistance of the
Protestant malecontents in Scotland, iv. 27. Besieges and takes Leith
from the French party, 27. Assists the earl of Ormond in reducing the
Spanish general, San Josepho, in Ireland, 179. His cruelty in this affair,
179.

--, the lady Elizabeth, her history, ii. 453.

Captivates Edward IV., 453

Married to nita, 454. Hot ors conferred on her family, 454. Her father and
one of her brothers murdered by the Yorkshire insurgents, 458. Orders
the earl of Rivers to levy an army to escort the young King Edward V. to
London, 486. Persuaded to the contrary by the duke of Gloucester, 466.
Retires with her children into the sanctuary of Westminster, on the duke
of Gloucester's arresting the earl of Rivers, 487. Forced to deliver up the
luke of York, 488. Her marriage declared invalid by Gloucester, 492.
Consents to a marriage between the princess Elizabeth and Henry, earl of
Richmond, 501. Consents, after, to her marriage with Richard III., 503.
The princess married to Henry VII., iii. 11. Supposed to be privy to the
insurrection of Lambert Simnel, 14. Seized and confined, lỗ. Dies in
confinement, 16.

Gray, Lady Jane, Dudley, duke of Northumberland, proposes to Edward VI.
to alter the succession in her favor, iii. 380. Is married to Lord Guild-
ford Dudley, 381. Is appointed to the succession by a deed of settle-
ment, 383. Her amiable character, 387. Is unwilling to accept the offer
the crown, 387. Is proclaimed, 387. Is deserted by the council and
the people, 389. Returns to private life, 389. Is taken into custody
with all the heads of her party, 390. Sentence passed upon her, 391. Is
executed on account of a new conspiracy of her father's, 405. Her noble
behavior and dying declarations, 405.

Gray, Lady Catharine, is married to Lord Herbert, son of the earl of Pem
broke, iii. 381. Is divorced from him, and privately married to the earl of
Hertford, iv. 47. Is committed to the Tower by Queen Elizabeth on this
account, where she dies, 47.

Great Harry, the first ship properly of the royal navy, built by Henry VII.,
iii. 76.

Greek language, how imported and cultivated in Europe, iii. 76.
Greenland, when discovered, iv. 516.

Greenville, Sir Richard, vice-admiral of the English fleet under Lord Thomas
Howard, his ship, the first English ship of war taken by the Spaniards,
iv. 276. Circumstances of his death, 548.

Gregory the Great, Pope, specimens of his talents in punning, i. 25. His
intemperate zeal against paganism, 26. Sends Augustine, the monk, into
Britain, 26. Writes to Ethelbert, king of Kent, 27. His solution of the
cases of conscience propounded by Augustine, 28. His injunctions to
him, 28.

VII., Pope, his ambitious character, i. 206. His disputes with the
emperor Henry IV., 206. His usurpations over other princes, 207. Pro-
hibits the marriage of priests, 209. Projects a confederacy against the
Mahometans, 227. See Crusades.

VIII., Pope, engages the emperor, and kings of England and
France, in a new crusade, i. 35.

IX., Pope, a character of his decretals, ii. 68.

XI., Pope, issues a bull for taking Wickliffe into custody, ii. 320.
The seat of the papacy fixed at Rome after his death, 322.

Gresham, Sir Thomas, procures Queen Elizabeth a loan from the company
of merchant adventurers in London, iv. 364. Builds the royal exchange,
369.

Grey, Lord Leonard, executed for treason, iii. 268.

Griffin, second son to Lewellyn, prince of Wales, rebels against his father,
and drives him to obtain the protection of Henry III. against him, ii. 42.
Is taken prisoner by his elder brother, David, given up to Henry, and
committed to the Tower, 42. Loses his life in attempting an escape, 42.
Grimstone, Sir Harbottle, is chosen speaker of the parliament which restored
Charles II., v. 516.

Grindal, Archbishop, is prosecuted in the star chamber, for favoring the
Puri'ans, iv. 201.

Groine the ships and troops there, defeated by Sir Francis Drake, ir. 267.
Qualo, the pope's legate, assists at the coronation of Henry III., and