Black Liberation: A Comparative History of Black Ideologies in the United States and South AfricaOxford University Press, 31 thg 10, 1996 - 400 trang When George M. Fredrickson published White Supremacy: A Comparative Study in American and South African History, he met universal acclaim. David Brion Davis, writing in The New York Times Book Review, called it "one of the most brilliant and successful studies in comparative history ever written." The book was honored with the Ralph Waldo Emerson Prize, the Merle Curti Award, and a jury nomination for the Pulitzer Prize. Now comes the sequel to that acclaimed work. In Black Liberation, George Fredrickson offers a fascinating account of how blacks in the United States and South Africa came to grips with the challenge of white supremacy. He reveals a rich history--not merely of parallel developments, but of an intricate, transatlantic web of influences and cross-fertilization. He begins with early moments of hope in both countries--Reconstruction in the United States, and the liberal colonialism of British Cape Colony--when the promise of suffrage led educated black elites to fight for color-blind equality. A rising tide of racism and discrimination at the turn of the century, however, blunted their hopes and encouraged nationalist movements in both countries. Fredrickson teases out the connections between movements and nations, examining the transatlantic appeal of black religious nationalism (known as Ethiopianism), and the pan-Africanism of Du Bois and Garvey. He brings to vivid life the decades of struggle, organizing, and debate, as blacks in the United States looked to Africa for identity and South Africans looked to America for new ideas and hope. The book traces the rise of Communist influence in black movements in the two nations in the 1920s and '30s, and the adoption of Gandhian nonviolent protest after World War II. The story of India's struggle, however, was not to be repeated in either America or South Africa: in one nation, nonviolence revealed its limitations, encouraging splits in the civil rights movement; in the other, it failed, fostering an armed struggle against white supremacy. Fredrickson brings the story up through the present, exploring the divergence between African-American identity politics and the nonracialism that has triumphed in South Africa. In a career spanning thirty years, George Fredrickson has won recognition as the leading scholar of the struggle over racial domination in the United States and South Africa. In Black Liberation, he provides the essential companion volume to his award-winning White Supremacy, telling the story of how blacks fought back on both sides of the Atlantic. |
Nội dung
3 | |
14 | |
Black Christianity and the Politics of Liberation | 57 |
Black Elites and the Rise of Segregation | 94 |
PanAfricanism and Black Populism 19181930 | 137 |
Communists and Black Freedom Struggles 19281948 | 179 |
Nonviolent Resistance to White Supremacy 19401965 | 225 |
Black Power and Black Consciousness | 277 |
Epilogue | 319 |
Notes | 325 |
Index | 367 |
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Black Liberation: A Comparative History of Black Ideologies in the United ... George M. Fredrickson Xem trước bị giới hạn - 1995 |
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action Afri African National Congress African-American Africanist apartheid believed black Americans Black Consciousness black leaders black liberation black nationalism Black Politics Black Power black protest Black Theology Blyden Booker boycott British campaign century Challenge churches civil rights movement colonial color Comintern Communist party Communists Crummell cultural democratic early Eastern Cape economic educated efforts elite equal rights Ethiopianism Ethiopianist ethnic European freedom Gandhi Gandhian Garvey's Garveyism hope ideology independent Indian interracial Jabavu Jim Crow Kadalie Karis labor leadership majority mass ment militant missionaries NAACP nationalist Native Negro Niagara Movement nonracial nonviolent resistance oppression organization Pan-Africanism Pan-Africanist passim race racial racism radical Randolph Reconstruction religious Republican revolutionary role segregation self-determination separatist slavery social society Soga South Africa southern Soviet struggle suffrage supremacist tion tradition UNIA Union United violence vote W. E. B. Du Bois Washington white supremacy workers York
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Trang 315 - O kinsmen! we must meet the common foe! Though far outnumbered let us show us brave, And for their thousand blows deal one deathblow! What though before us lies the open grave? Like men we'll face the murderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!
Trang 258 - Lamentably, it is an historical fact that privileged groups seldom give up their privileges voluntarily. Individuals may see the moral light and voluntarily give up their unjust posture; but, as Reinhold Niebuhr has reminded us, groups tend to be more immoral than individuals.
Trang 105 - In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.
Trang 107 - It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his two-ness — an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings: two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.
Trang 328 - George M. Fredrickson, The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny, 1817-1914 (New York: Harper and Row, 1971 ) . 3.
Trang 347 - David R. Roediger, The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class (London: Verso, 1991...
Trang 115 - States shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, and privileges of inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement; subject only to the conditions and limitations established by law, and applicable alike to citizens of every race and color, regardless of any previous condition of servitude.
Trang 110 - Any discrimination based simply on race or color is barbarous, we care not how hallowed it be by custom, expediency, or prejudice. Differences made on account of ignorance, immorality, or disease are legitimate methods of fighting evil, and against them we have no word of protest; but...
Trang 63 - Etheopeans, has been pleased to hear our moans in consequence of oppression; and the day of our redemption from abject wretchedness draweth near, when we shall be enabled, in the most extended sense of the word, to stretch forth our hands to the LORD Our GOD, but there must be a willingness on our part, for GOD to do these things for us, for we may be assured that he will not take us by the hairs of our head against our will and desire, and drag us from our very, mean, low and abject condition.