CONTENTS.

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

CHAPTER 1.

STATE of the Reform Question-Reform Bill introduced by Ministers into

the House of Commons-Debate of seven nights on the Motion for leave

to bring in the Bill-Speech of Lord John Russell-Sir R. H. Inglis-

Mr. Twiss-The Chancellor of the Exchequer-Mr. Hume-Mr. B.

Ward-Mr. Macaulay-Mr. Hunt-Sir Charles Wetherell-The Attor-

ney-General

CHAPTER II.

Continuation of the Debate on the Motion for leave to bring in the Re-

form Bill-Speech of Mr. Bankes-Mr. Hobhouse-Mr. Baring-Lord

Palmerston Sir Robert Peel-Mr. Stanley-The Lord Advocate-Mr.

Croker-Mr. Hope-Mr. R. Grant-Mr. O'Connell-Mr. Attwood-

Sir James Graham-Bill allowed to be brought in without a Division,

and read a First Time

CHAPTER III.

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Effects of the Reform Bill on the Public Mind-Conduct of the Reformers

-London Declaration-The Press, and Complaint of Breach of Privi-

lege-Debate on the Motion that the Bill be read a Second Time, and

Amendment moved that it be read a Second Time that day six months-

Speeches of Sir R. Vyvyan-Mr. Sheil-Mr. C. Grant-The Solicitor-

General-Sir E. Sugden-Mr. Ward-The Second Reading carried by a

Majority of One-Irish Reform Bill brought in and read a First Time-

Statements of Ministers regarding the Numbers of the House [77

CHAPTER IV.

Alterations in Reform Bill subsequent to the Second Reading-Motion

that the House go into Committee-General Gascoyne moves that the

existing number of Members for England and Wales shall not be

diminished, which is carried against Ministers by a Majority of Eight-

Nature and Effect of the Division-Lord Wharncliffe gives notice, in the

House of Peers, of a Motion for an Address to the King not to Dissolve

-In the Commons, a Motion of Adjournment, pending the Ordnance

Estimates, carried against Ministers-Scene in the Commons on the

22nd of April-In the House of Peers, Lord Wharncliffe's Motion inter-

rupted by the entrance of the King to Prorogue Parliament-Proroga-

tion and Dissolution-Case of Privilege in the House of Lords, con-

nected with the Press

[103

CHAPTER V.

The Budget-Proposed changes in Taxes-Opposition to a proposed Tax

on Transfers in the Funds-Ministers abandon it—Proposed diminution

of Duties on Baltic Timber, and augmentation of those on Canada

Timber-Ministers defeated on a Division-Arrangement of the Civil

List-Ministers refuse to abide by a Reduction recommended by the

Select Committee-Increase of the Army
[125

CHAPTER VI.

General Election-Popular Excitement in Favour of the Bill-Pledges

demanded from Candidates-Election Riots-Result of the Election-

Opening of the New Parliament-Discussions on the Address-Reform

Bill brought in, and read a First Time-Clamour of the Reformers

against the limitation of the £10 Franchise-Ministers yield the point-

Debate on the Second Reading of the Bill-Second Reading carried by

a Majority of 136-Discussion in regard to Appleby-The House deter-

mines that it shall not be allowed to bring Evidence of its Population--

Debate and Divisions on the Motion for going into Committee-Discus-

sion in Committee on an Amendment that the Enfranchising Clauses

should be first considered-Division on the Question whether all

Boroughs having fewer than 2,000 Inhabitants should be disfranchised

-Motion that the Boroughs proposed to be disfranchised shall be

divided into Districts returning Members-Motion that the Population

be taken according to the Census of 1831 instead of 1821

CHAPTER VII.

[149

Continuation of the Committee on the Reform Bill-Discussion regarding

Appleby-The Borough of Downton-The Borough of St. Germain's-

The Borough of Saltash-Complaints of the Reformers that argument

was allowed upon the Bill-Proposal of Ministers that the Bill should

take the lead of all other Business-Proceedings of the Reformers-

Motion that the Boroughs in Schedule B should retain both Members—

Boroughs of Chippenham-Dorchester-Guildford-Sudbury-Motion

that Greenwich be excluded from the new Boroughs-Motion that Stoke

upon Trent have two Members-Motion of Lord Milton that the new

Boroughs, to which the Bill gave only one Member, should have two-

Motion against the Enfranchisement of Gateshead as separate from

Newcastle-Motion that a Member be given to Merthyr-Tydvil-Debate

on the Clause of the Bill for dividing large Counties-Discussion on the

Clause enacting that Freeholders in Boroughs should vote for the

County-Amendment moved that tenants at will of land should have

a vote for Counties, and carried against Ministers
. [178

CHAPTER VIII.

Continuation of Committee on Reform Bill-Mr. Hunt's Amendment on

the £10 Franchise, to the effect of admitting Universal Suffrage-

Amendment, that Freeholders in Boroughs shall vote for the Borough,

and not for the County-Motion, that the £10 rent shall not be payable

more frequently than quarterly-Discussions regarding existing rights

of Franchise-Discussions on the Clauses directing the mode of Regis-

tration and regulating Elections-Consideration of the Report of the

Bill-Motion, that Aldborough be totally Disfranchised-Alterations

made on considering the Report-Debate on Motion that the Bill pass-

Motion carried by a Majority of 109

[216

CHAPTER IX.

Reform Bill read a First Time in the House of Lords-Threats of the

Reformers against the Peers-Debate on the Second Reading of the Bill

in the House of Lords-Speeches of Lords Grey, Wharncliffe, Winchil-

sea, Harrowby, the Duke of Wellington, Lord Eldon, the Lord Chan-

cellor, Lord Lyndhurst, &c.-The Bill is thrown out by a Majority of

forty-one-Motion carried in the House of Commons that Ministers

ought not to resign-Lord Howe dismissed from his office of Queen's

Chamberlain, on account of his vote, and disclosures thereupon in the

House of Commons-Attacks on the persons and houses of the Peers-

Riots at Derby and Nottingham-Correspondence of Ministers with the

Political Unions, and discussions thereon in the House of Cominons-

Financial Statement-Prorogation of Parliament-Riots in Bristol-

Formation of a National Political Union in London-Proposed general

meeting of the Working Classes-Proclamation against Illegal Associa-

tions-Appearance of the Cholera Morbus in the North

[252

CHAPTER X.

.

IRELAND.-Lawless state of the Peasantry in Ireland-Distress of the

Population-Associations in Dublin for a Repeal of the Union-

O'Connell's intended Procession of the Trades prohibited by Proclama-

tion-O'Connell summons his assemblies under a new name, and they

are again prohibited by Proclamation-Proposal that O'Connell himself

shall be declared to be an association-He renews his meetings in the

shape of a Public Breakfast-The Breakfasts are prohibited by Procla-

mation-New devices of the Agitators to evade the law, followed by

another Proclamation-Partial run upon the Banks-O'Connell convokes

another meeting, which is dispersed by the Magistrates-O'Connell and

his coadjutors apprehended for illegal proceedings-True Bills are found

against them-He puts in a demurrer, then withdraws it, and pleads

Not Guilty Attempts to delay his Trial-Withdraws his plea, and

pleads Guilty-Discussions in Parliament whether Government had

made a compromise with the Agitators-None of the Agitators brought

up for Judgment-Declarations against a Repeal of the Union-Dis-

cussions in Parliament on the same subject-Continued disturbances in

Ireland- Insurrection Act enforced by Proclamation in several Counties,

and Special Commissions to try the offenders-Fatal collisions between

the Peasantry and the Authorities at Castle Pollard-At Newton-barry

-In County Kilkenny
[300

CHAPTER XI.

FRANCE.-State of Parties-Turbulence of the Students-Riots in Paris

against the Clergy-Proceedings against the Bourbonists- Insecurity

of the Ministry-Resignation of Ministers, and formation of a New

Ministry-Policy of the New Ministry-Riot Act passed--New Electoral

Law-Expenditure--Attempt to raise a Loan by Public Subscription-

Prorogation of the Chambers-Tumults in Paris-Quarrel between the

Ministry and the Heroes of July-Tour of the King in the Provinces-

Disorderly state of Paris-Dissolution of the Chambers-General Elec-

tion-Riots in Paris-Expedition against Portugal-Opening of the

Session of the New Chamber-Celebration of the Revolution-Exhibi-

tion of Austrian banners in the Chamber of Peers-Small Majority in

favour of the Ministerial Candidate for the Presidency of the Chambers

-Ministers Resign-They withdraw their Resignations on the Invasion

of Belgium by Holland-Expedition to Belgium-Great Majority in

favour of Ministers on the Address-Bill for altering the Institution of

the Peerage-Creation of Peers to carry it through the Upper Chamber

-Riots in Paris-Complaints against the Bourbonists-Act banishing

from France all Relations of the Bourbon Family, or of Napoleon-

Serious Disturbances at Lyons
[329

CHAPTER XII.

HOLLAND AND BELGIUM.-Candidates for the Belgic Crown-France

declares that it will not recognize the Duke of Leuchtenberg-The Duke

of Nemours is chosen-Decision of the Five Powers in regard to the

Sovereign of Belgium-The Duke of Nemours refuses the Crown-The

Belgians elect a Regent-Proceedings of the Conference-Disputes re-

garding the Scheldt-Warlike spirit of the Belgic Congress-The Con-

ference lays down Bases of Separation-Belgium rejects and protests

against them-Wavering Policy of France-Holland accepts of the

Bases-Answer of the Conference to the Belgian Protest-The Confer-

ence declares the terms accepted by Holland to be "fundamental and

irrevocable"-Belgium refuses them, demands War, and calls on Luxem-

burg to rise against the decision of the Five Powers-Anarchy through-

out Belgium, and Riots in the principal Towns-Belgium is allowed till

the 1st of June to accept of the Bases, under the pain of all relations

between her and the Five Powers being broken off-The Conference

endeavours to compass the Election of Prince Leopold of Saxe Coburg,

and promise their good offices with Holland in favour of Belgium, on

the latter accepting the Bases-Belgium endeavours to negociate directly

with Holland, under a threat of renewing hostilities-Breach of the

Armistice by the Belgians at Antwerp-Letter of Lord Ponsonby, on the

part of the Conference, to the Belgian Government-The Congress,

without accepting the Bases, elects Prince Leopold King-Holland de-

mands the execution of the fundamental and irrevocable Bases-The

Conference again promise to enforce them, and order their Representa-

tives to quit Brussels-Prince Leopold delays accepting the Crown-

The Conference recede from the irrevocable Bases, and propose new

terms at the expense of Holland-The Belgian Congress accepts them-

Holland rejects them, and demands the performance of the existing

Agreements-Prince Leopold accepts the Crown, and he is installed at

Brussels with the concurrence of the Conference-Holland declares the

Armistice at an end, and the Dutch Army enters Belgium-Rout of the

Belgians at Hasselt-Their Army, commanded by the King, defeated at

Louvain, and Louvain captured-A French Army arrives at Brussels,

and the Dutch troops retire-Proceedings of the Conference in reference

to the march of the Dutch and French Armies-The French troops are

recalled-Opening of the Session of the Belgic Chambers-The Confer-

ence frames another new set of Articles, and declares that their accept-

ance shall be compulsory-Belgium accepts them-Holland rejects

them, but offers to negociate-Negotiation refused-Treaty signed_be-

tween the Five Powers, and the King of Belgium
[372

CHAPTER XIII.

GERMANY.-Insurrections in Hanover, at Osterode, and Gottingen-Ac-

cession of Duke William of Brunswick in place of his brother-Public

movements in Hesse Cassel and Saxony.-SWITZERLAND.-Insurrections

and military operations in the Canton of Basle-The insurgents are put

down-and again take arms-A federal army occupies the Can-

ton-Insurrection in Schwyz-Insurrection in Neufchatel-Changes in

the other Cantons-Proceedings of the Diet.-POLAND.-The Dictator

attempts to negociate-He resigns and a Committee of Government is

appointed-Polish Manifesto against Russia-The Throne of Poland

declared vacant-Preparations for war-The Russian army approaches

Warsaw-Battles in the neighbourhood of Warsaw-The Russians

retire-The Poles attack and carry their positions-Defeat of the Poles

in Volhynia and Podolia-The Russian army again advances and again

retreats-The Poles assume the offensive-Battle of Ostrolenko-The

Polish army falls back upon Warsaw-Operations in Volhynia-The

Poles defeated in Lithuania-The Russians prepare to cross the Vistula-

Dissensions in Warsaw-The Russians establish themselves on the left

bank of the Vistula-Insurrections and outrages in Warsaw-The Com-

mittee of Government resigns, and a Dictator is appointed-Progress of

the Russians-Storming of the fortifications of Warsaw-Warsaw sur-

renders-Dispersion of the Polish army-Progress of the Cholera

[417

Morbus.

-

CHAPTER XIV.

SPAIN.-Insurrection at Cadiz-Defeat of the rebels-Arrests and execu-

tions at Madrid-Unsuccessful attempt of General Torijos.-Portugal.

-Complaints of the British Government, and demands for satisfaction

-A fleet is sent to the Tagus, and satisfaction obtained-Complaints of

the French Government-Satisfaction is refused-France makes reprisals

on the Portuguese flag-Britain refuses the application of Portugal to

interfere-A French fleet dispatched to Lisbon-The demands of the

French Admiral refused, till he forces the Tagus-The French carry off

the Portuguese fleet-State of Lisbon-Return of Don Pedro from

Brazil to Europe He makes preparations for a descent on

Portugal-Unsuccessful Insurrection by part of the garrison of

Lisbon-British men of war sent to Lisbon and Oporto-The forces

of the Regency of Terceira capture the Island of St. George, and

the Island of St. Michael-Defensive preparations of Don Miguel.—

ITALY.-Election of a Pope-Plan of general Insurrection-Insurrection

at Modena-The Duke leaves it and a provisional Government is esta-

blished-Insurrection and establishment of a provisional Government at

Bologna-It becomes general in the Legations-Insurrection at Parma

-Proclamations of the insurgents to the inhabitants of Austrian Lom-

bardy-and of Naples-Differences between France and Austria-The

Austrian troops cross the Po against the insurgents, who immediately

disperse The insurrection put down, and the former Government re-

stored in Modena, in Parma, and in the Papal States-New troubles in the

Papal Legations-Death of the King of Sardinia.-GREECE.-Unpopu-

larity of the President-Maina and Hydra revolt-The Hydriots take

possession of the Greek fleet at Poros-The Russian fleet blockades

them, and demands the surrender of the ships-The President attacks

Poros by land, and is repulsed-Its inhabitants are removed to Hydra-

The Russian Admiral prepares to attack the Greek fleet-Its commander

Miaulis blows it up-Proceedings of the Mainotes-Assassination of the

President.

[440

CHAPTER XV.

UNITED STATES-SOUTH AMERICA.-State of Brazil.

Rio Janeiro-The Emperor abdicates in favour of his son.-BUENOS

AYRES-Military operations-COLOMBIA-Death of Bolivar-Insurrec-

tion in Panama-MEXICO-PERU.-Disturbances at Lima,

-

Disturbances at

[460