HISTORY OF SCOTLAND

FOR

Junior Classes.

WITH

QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END

OF EACH CHAPTER.

EDITED BY HENRY WHITE,

B. A. TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, M. A. AND PH. DR. HEIDELBERG,
Author of the "History of Great Britain and Ireland,"
"Elements of Universal History," &c.

DR WHITE'S SCHOOL HISTORIES.

ENGLAND for JUNIOR CLASSES, 190 pages, 1s. 6d. bound.
SCOTLAND for JUNIOR CLASSES, 160 pages, 1s. 6d. bound.
SCOTLAND for SENIOR CLASSES, 401 pages, 3s. 6d. bound.
GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND, 491 pages, 3s. bound.
FRANCE, 378 pages, 3s. 6d. bound.

SACRED HISTORY, 187 pages, 1s. 6d. bound.

ROME, 160 pages, 1s. 6d. bound.

OUTLINES of UNIVERSAL HISTORY, 270 pages, 2s. bound. ELEMENTS of UNIVERSAL HISTORY, 704 pages, 78. bound. This Work may also be had in Three separate Parts, each complete in itself, price 2s. 6d. bound.

PRINTED BY OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH.

PREFACE.

IN a country where many of the inhabitants exercise a direct and powerful influence in the selection of its rulers and on the tendency of their administration, it is highly desirable that the citizen should find a guide for his conduct in a knowledge of history. That he should acquire an early and intimate acquaintance with the annals of his native country is of paramount importance. The more thoroughly this is done the better; and it is therefore well for his future prospects in life if the position of his parents and the general tenor of his education enable him to draw his information from ample sources. In numerous instances, however, these advantages are not enjoyed, and it becomes necessary that the student should have access to a succinct and cheap manual, in which the leading historical events are laid before him in a clear and connected form. This little Volume has accordingly been prepared for the use of Junior Classes, and also as an introduction to a fuller study of the subject by the more aspiring student. It is hoped it will be found to be what the Author has earnestly endeavoured to make it—a true and interesting narrative of the main and leading facts in Scottish History.

CHAPTER I.

FROM THE FIRST INVASION OF THE ROMANS TO THE DEATH OF

ALEXANDER III., A. D. 80-1286.

Introduction The Romans-Races and Language-Christianity-Macbeth-

Malcolm Canmore-David I.-Homage-Norman Influence........

CHAPTER II.

...Page 7

FROM THE DEATH OF ALEXANDER III. TO THAT OF DAVID II., A.D. 1286-1371.

Disputed Succession-Wallace-Robert Bruce-Bannockburn-David II.—

Regency-Coronation of Edward Baliol-Battle of Halidon Hill-Sieges of

Lochleven, Kildrummie, and Dunbar-Alliance with France-Invasion of

England-Defeat at Neville's Cross, and Capture of the Scottish King-The

Country overrun by the English-Liberation of the King-His Death........13

CHAPTER III.

FROM THE ACCESSION OF THE STEWARTS TO THE DEATH OF JAMES V.,

A. D. 1371-1542.

Robert II.-Invasion by the English-The Scots receive Assistance from France

-Battle of Otterburn-Robert III.-Border Warfare-The Highlanders-

Murder of the Duke of Rothesay James I.-Battle of Harlaw-The King's

Imprisonment in England-His Murder at Perth-James II.-The Douglases

-The King killed at the Siege of Roxburgh Castle-James III.-Rebellion

of his Nobles, and Execution of his Favourites-His Murder near Stirling—

James IV.-Battle of Flodden-James V.-Feuds of the Nobility-War with

England-The King's Death..........

CHAPTER IV.

FROM THE ACCESSION OF QUEEN MARY TO The Murder of Darnley,

A. D. 1542-1567.

...28

The Queen-mother-Cardinal Beaton-Edinburgh burned--Battle of Ancrum

Moor-Martyrdom of Wishart-Murder of the Cardinal-John Knox-The

Reformation-Queen Mary-Darnley-Murder of Rizzio-Murder of Darn-

ley

CHAPTER V.

FROM THE Murder of DARNLEY TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE

PRESBYTERIAN SYSTEM, A. D. 1567-1592.

..48

Bothwell's Trial-Mary's Imprisonment in Lochleven Castle-Her Escape-

Battle of Langside-She takes Refuge in England-Assassination of the

Earl of Murray-Regent Morton-Raid of Ruthven-Execution of Queen

Mary-James VI.-Struggles of the Church.......

CHAPTER VI.

...........59

FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PRESBYTERIAN SYSTEM TO THE

UNION OF THE CROWNS, A. D. 1592-1603.

The Catholic Conspiracy-Bothwell-Disputes with the Church-The Gowry

Conspiracy-James's Succession to the English Crown...........
......70

CHAPTER VII.

FROM THE UNION OF THE CROWNS TO THE DEATH OF JAMES VI.,

A. D. 1603-1625.

Proposed Union of England and Scotland-The Church-Learned Men-Epis-

copacy-James revisits Scotland-Articles of Perth-Scottish Parliament-

Death of James..............

CHAPTER VIII.

.80

FROM THE ACCESSION OF CHARLES I. TO THE TREATY OF RIPON, A.D. 1625-1640.

Charles I. The Tithes or Teinds-Archbishop Laud-Tumults in Edinburgh

-Opposition to the Use of Laud's Service-book-The Tables-National Cov-

enant-Proceedings of the Covenanters-Threatened Hostilities-The Scots

march into England........

CHAPTER IX

FROM THE TREATY OF RIPON To the Death of Charles I,

A. D. 1640-1649.

Return of Charles to Scotland-Solemn League and Covenant-Rise of the In-

dependents in England-Montrose takes Perth and Aberdeen-Defeats the

Covenanters-Battle of Philiphaugh-Charles puts himself under the Pro-

tection of the Scottish Army-He is given up to the English-Cromwell

defeats the Duke of Hamilton-Execution of Charles.....

CHAPTER X.

THE COMMONWEALTH, A. D. 1649-1660

...Page 95

Montrose-His Rising and Execution-Prince Charles in Scotland-Religious

Parties-Cromwell marches against the Covenanters-Battle of Dunbar-The

Remonstrants-The Start-Coronation of Prince Charles-Battle of Worcester

-Insurrection in the Highlands-Scotland during the Protectorate-Dissen-

sions in the Church-Intrigues of General Monk-The Restoration..........103

CHAPTER XI.

THE REIGN OF CHARLES II., A. D. 1660-1685

The Restoration-James Sharpe-The Rescissory Act-Episcopacy restored-

Act of Glasgow-Conventicles-The Drag-net Act-The Pentland Rising-

Martyrdom of Hugh M'Kail-The First Indulgence-Graham of Claverhouse

and Lauderdale-Persecution in the West-Highland Host-Murder of Sharpe

-Battle of Bothwell Bridge-The Duke of York-The Cameronians-Cargill

-The Test-oath-Escape of Argyle-Death of Charles II......

CHAPTER XII.

FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES VII. TO THE COMPLETION OF THE

REVOLUTION, A. D. 1685-1689.

.113

Argyle's Insurrection-Suspension of the Test-oath-Cruelties against the

Covenanters-Revolution of 1688-Burning of Holyrood Chapel-Convention

of Estates-Viscount Dundee - Settlement of the Crown-Declaration of

Right..........

CHAPTER XIII.

.125

FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE UNION, A. D. 1689-1707.

Insurrection of Dundee-Battle of Killiecrankie-King William's Tolerance-

Abolition of Prelacy-Restoration of Presbyterianism-Patronage-Cardinal

Carstairs-Massacre of Glencoe-The Darien Company-Queen Anne-Act

of Security-Treaty of Union......

CHAPTER XIV.

FROM THE UNION TO THE SECOND JACOBITE INSURRECTION,

A. D. 1707-1745.

.130

Unpopularity of the Union-Intrigues to restore the Stewarts-Revival of the

Episcopal Party-Patronage Act repealed-Insurrection of 1715-Battles of

Preston and Sheriffmuir-Murder of Captain Porteous........

CHAPTER XV.

...... 141

THE SECOND JACOBITE INSURRECTION, A. D. 1745-1746.

Landing of the Pretender's Son-Insurgents at Edinburgh-Battle of Preston-

pans-Advance to Derby-Battle of Falkirk-Battle of Culloden-Punishment

of the Rebels-Execution of Lords Kilmarnock, Balmerino, and Lovat-Bene-

ficial Changes in the Highlands...........
............147

CHAPTER XVI.

FROM THE EXTINCTION OF THE JACOBITE INSURRECTIONS, A. D. 1746, TO THE

PRESENT TIME.

Progress of Scotland-Burghers and Anti-burghers-Foundation of the Relief

Church-Catholic Riots-Episcopalian Disabilities removed-Influence of the

French Revolution-The Convention of Delegates-Learning, Literature, and

Science in Scotland-Scottish Reform Bill-Municipal Reform Bill-Secession

of the Free Church-The Railway Mania-Balmoral-The Volunteer Move-

ment-Legislative Measures affecting Scotland.......

.........153