have stood firm to their duty, talk of plucking up a thistle not a man has deserted him; and by the root; and all this for what? To satisfiy the caprice of a banditti who are eager to fhare in the spoils. Who is to supprefs the ravages of the Mahrattas after Tippoo fhall be extirpated? This is a question that requires at least a serious discussion, which it seems not yet to have obtained, either in Extract of a letter from Ban galore, Sept. 19. 1791. so faithful have his subjects been that our generals have been unable to obtain intelligence, even of the movements of the different parties belonging to ourselves. Our troops have been wandering like men in a mist, and have not known of the approach of either friends or foes, till they came within | India or in Britain. sight of each other; while Tippoo has had the best intelligence of all our movements on every occasion. It now appears that "You will perceive by the this ferocious monster, as we Madras courier, that though have been accustomed to call little decisive has been done him, is a kind and affectionate since the capture of Bangalore, son, and an indulgent master, yet that Tippoo is now nearly that he has been busied during vanquished; the loss of that his whole reign in protecting fort ruined him, and our getting the lower orders of his people pofsefsion of it may be looked from the ruinous gripe of gran-upon as one of those fortunate dees, and in promoting manu- circumstances which decide the factures and agriculture in his fate of an empire. I say fordominions, in which he has tunate; for we had no right to succeeded in a manner unex- | expect it; and, in all probabiliampled in Europe, even notty, Tippoo would then have reexcepting the great Frederick duced us to the lowest ebb. The himself. This will appear from the following private letter brought from India by the Swallow packet, written by an eye witness, and communicated by a friend. It gives, besides, a view of generalfhip on our side, that cannot fail to command the admiration of gentlemen in the army; yet this is the man whom every British subject, in idea, talks of exterminating with as much indifference as we would fort is a large oval, with thick high ramparts, and a very deep and dry ditch around, except at the two extremities, where the gate-ways are. At each end there are five gate-ways, inclosed in a large square projection, with towers, ramparts, c. which was thought by Tippoo to be very strong; here the ditch was discontinued. We had for a long time breached one of the curtains, but found instead of doing any thing effec tual, they began firing all the guns of the fort, in every direction, to drown their fears. There were near fifteen hundred killed that night, and a Lord Cornwallis was exceedingly anxious all the time; he knew, if we failed, that we must have decamped and left every thing on the ground, as most of the cattle were dead, and the remainder so debilitated as to be nearly useless. that there was a deep ditch in front, that would have probably baffled our attempts to get in. On learning that there was no ditch at the gate-ways, the guns were turned against them, and very great destruction done in about fifty every night of the fhort time. It became however siege. necessary to take it or abandon it immediately; there was not above one day's ammunition remaining, and Tippoo had cut embrazures through the bank of a tank, that would have flanked our batteries, and obliged us to storm them next morning, though protected by the guns of the fort, which kept up a tremenduous, though ill directed fire. The enemy had expected a storm for two nights before, and had been on the watch; but being fatigued, they were surprised on the third. There were only two pofsible ways to get in, both of which might have been easily defended, the tops of the two retaining walls of the square inclosure that communicated with the ramparts, upon which we got up by the slope occasioned by the destruction of the walls. The storming party, when they ascended the gate-way, contrary to what was intended, gave a huzza, which convinced the garrison that they were near at hand, though they were by no means in pofsefsion of the place. The garrison was immediately panic struck, and, I have given you this hasty detail as the newspaper in India seldom contains any but the most flattering accounts. The particulars since Bangalore you will find correct enough in the courier. Our situation at Seringapatam was also critical; and, if the Mahrattas had not very unexpectedly joined us with great supplies, the army would have been very much distressed, we could always however have got back to Bangalore. Tippoo now is at the lowest ebb ;-no revenues, and little territory not over-run by the Mahrattas, and his troops now obliged to desert him from want. He is said to be an impetuous, self-conceited man, very mistrustful of all around him, and seldom inclined to take advice; cruel to a degree against his enemies, or those who oppose his will, but a mild master to the bulk, . e. the poor part of the inhabitants., man in India, Dr James An derson physician, at Madras, is exerting himself to the utmost of his power to provide some remedy for these evils; not by trying only to heal the wound suit of useful knowledge, and a general desire to provide employment for the people in peace, throughout the whole In the pettah, or town of bangalore, it is said, there were 12,000 weaving families, and we found great quantities of cotton; he had introduced the manufacture of silk; ed, in the way of his profession; his southern countries, where but, by devising means for prosoil and water would admit of curing a subsistence for the great cultivation, are every people after the devastations of where full of inhabitants, and war fhall cease. He has kindevery where cultivated. My-led a generous ardour in pursore proper is rather a poor country; but a great deal had even been done there since the time of General Smith, so that three immense Indian armies peninsula of India, the effectshave every where found water, of which will be felt, long after. and hitherto provisions, which he shall for ever cease from his was not before thought pofsible. labours *! The rearing of coWe have frequent reports of chineal, of indigo, of silk, of peace, but the Mahrattas are too inveterate against Tippoo, for his treatment of the brahmins, to be satisfied with lefs than his extirpation. If every thing is amicably settled, it is likely that India will enjoy peace for a long time; but Lord C. has a difficult card to play with his allies, they are a very powerful, enterprising people, and the Mahrattas, though they cannot fight us, may harrafs and ruin our coun* Mr S. Towns writes thus from Vitries by their multitudes of horse." zagapatnam, 19th May 1791: Certain I am that this country is not cultivated While the military gentle-to one half of its value, where it is in men in India, are thus con- best order; and it is an obvious and detriving destruction to a great plorable truth, that upwards of 5000 many unhappy wretches, who inhabitants have died this year from the want of employment, aud that several have no knowledge of them villages are destitute of people which nor their concerns, one gentle-used to be fully inhabited. vines, and spiceries, not yet of his own fig-tree, and eat the fruit of his own vine; and when no man, armed with the terrors of power, fhall dare to pluck the morsel out of their mouth. France. man fhall sit under the fhade, perly interposed his influence to allay the heats of a popular as-sembly, as yet but novices in the art of legislation, as has tended: greatly to preserve good order. in the state, and to check some. rash enterprises that otherwise would have been too hastily entered upon by the nation.. By this means the preponderance. of the foyal authority has been. much augmented in the national afsembly, and among the people; may it never be carried too far! The eyes of all Europe are still directed towards France; and every day brings forth new events, the probable ifsue of which no human sagacity can foresee. A few weeks ago appearances were strong that war would have been carried into the heart of Germany, by Distraction still prevails in the military ardour of the St Domingo to an astonishing French troops. Fortunately degree; and there seems to be: for the cause of humanity, the no reason to hope that their rulers of that extensive empire animosities will cease but with have yielded to the storm, by the extirpation of one of the discountenancing the emigrant parties. The whites appear to princess. In this prudent caution every friend to humanity will rejoice: Long may such salutary counsels prevail! Still however new rumours of the hostile intentions of foreign princes are kept up in France, though it does not clearly ap-soon ended. The white men pear that there is any just foundations for these reports. be the weakest. Troops are. now preparing, to be sent from. France thither. These, it is probable, will join with the people of colour, whose cause is the popular cause of the day. In that case the contest will be. will be driven away; but how they will afterwards settle with the mother country, time only can bring to light. In regard to their internal situation, a great, and almost unperceived revolution, has gra- Popular commotion at Madrid. dually taken place of late. A great commercial house at The king, now evidently under Bourdeaux has received a letter the influence of some person of from a correspondent at Magreat judgement, has acted with drid, dated January 26. stating a steady mildness, and with a that the inhabitants of the cajudicious attention to the pre-pital of Spain are in a great servation of order and decorum ferment, and the court in the in government, and has so pro- utmost consternation. The occasion is stated to have, only true source of an abundan been as follows: Count Florida Blanca, the Minister, gave order to seize the printer, the Corregidor, the copies, and the buyers of the work. revenue, it will be a blessed The Corregidor of Madrid had given leave to a bookseller to print an edition of the French constitution, on condition of printing but a very small number of copies. Five or six thou-so to convince us, vix. That sand were, however, printed, to lose a burthen, is to make a which were instantly purchased real acquisition of wealth. By and carried off. the last war we had the good fortune to lose a great portion of America, and Minorca. These were two grievous loads which weighed us down, and not only consumed unprofitably great sums of the national treasure but, by retarding our internal prosperity, diminished all the sources of revenue, and of course loaded the nation with a num ber of ruinous and unproductive axes. We begin to feel the effects of, this alleviation of our expatriotic territorial pofsefsions; pity, that so small an alleviation had been produced, and that such a struggle fhould have been mantained before we When shall could attain it. This proceeding rouzed the indignant people; and it is also stated, that the minister paid very dear for his arbitrary rathnefs. The letter concluded thus Things are going forward here which I dare not trust to paper!" DOMESTIC. The minister, with an allowable exultation, announced to the parliament, the flourishing state of the nation, and the the time come, when the peoproductiveness of the revenue ple of this island fhall be conwhich would enable him, he vinced, that we should not onsaid, to take off some of the ly never make war for the actaxes that proved most oppref- quisition of trans-maritime tersive to the people. This pro- ritory; nor fight with any naposition was received with uni- tion to retain it; but that our versal satisfaction by all parties; interest would be greatly proand if it can have the good ef- moted by giving them all up fect, to make any one party be voluntarily to the freedom of fully convinced of one momen- their own wills? The only antous truth, that the universal | swer this query that can now obprosperity of the people, is the tain, is, that this period is nos |