:: THE

HISTORY OF EUROPE,

CHAP. I.

Situation of the French Nation and Government, and Views of the Directory.
-Difficulties to be encountered by France at the Close of 1795.-State of
Parties in England. Temper of the British Nation. Affemblies for the
Purpose of a Parliamentary Reform, and Peace with France. A great and
dangerous Scarcity of Provisions. - Meeting of Parliament. Infults and
Outrages of an immenfe Mob against the King, on his Way to the House of
Lords. The regret of all People of Sense at this Treatment of the King.-
Speech from the Throne. Debates thereon. In the House of Commons.-
And in that of the Lords

CHAP. II.

A Proclamation offering a large pecuniary Reward for the Discovery of any
Perfons guilty of the recent Outrages against the Person of the King.
Conference between the Lords and Commons on this Subject.-A Bill for the
Safety and Prefervation of the King's Perfon and Government. Debates
thereon in both Houses of Parliament.-A Bill for the Prevention of Sedi-
țious Meetings,-Debates thereon. The two Bills under Difcuffion in Par-
liament occafion a general Alarm, and much Oppofition without Doors.-
In this Oppofition the lead was taken by the Whig-Club. Which was fol-
lowed by the Corresponding Societies and other Associations.-As well as
different Bodies legally incorporated. The Ministry still perfevere
Measures. Debates on the numerous Petitions against the two Bills now
pending in Parliament. General Indignation against the Principles and

1

Objects of these. -The two Bills paffed into Laws

CHAP. III.

in their

16

In the House of Commons, Regulations respecting the Sale of Flour, and the
Making of Bread. - Motions by Mr. Lechmere and Mr. Whitbread, re-
Specting the Causes of the Scarcity of Wheaten Flour, and the Hardships
incident to the Labouring Poor - Negatived. -Bill for Encouraging the
Cultivation of Waste Lands. - Motions for the Support of the Land and Sea
Service. Strictures on the Conduct of Ministry in the War Department.-
Replied to bự Mr. Wyndham.-Debates on the Erection of Barracks.-
A Statement of the Expences of 1796, amounting from twenty-seven to
VOL. XXXVIII.

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twenty-eight Millions sterling.-Debates concerning the Terms of the Loan,
-Vote approving the Conduct of the Minister on this Subject.-New
Taxes. Debates thereon. -Meffage from the King, intimating his Dif
pofition to enter into a Negociation with the present Government of France.
-An Address moved, expreffing the Readiness of the House to concur in
fuch a Measure. - Amendment thereon, moved by Mr. Sheridan. This
rejected, and the Address carried.-Motion for Peace, by Mr. Grey.-

Negatived

Free Negroes in the Island of Jamaica.-Hunted by Blood-Hounds. Motion,
by Mr. Grey, in the House of Commons, for an Inquiry into the State of
the Nation.-Negatived.-Farther Taxes. For paying the Interest of an
additional Loan. -Mortality among the Troops fent against the French
West-India Islands. Neglect and Distresses of the Troops.-Motion for
Documents on these Subjects by Mr. Sheridan.-Debates thereon.-Mr.
Sheridan's Motion agreed to-Motion, in the House of Peers, for the
Production of Papers respecting a Vote of Parliament, in 1783, recognizing
the Neceffity of certain Public Reforms. Debates thereon. The Motion
negatived, Report of the Committee of Supply on the Resolution for
granting a Subfidy to the King of Sardinia. Conversation on that Subject.
-Charges laid against Ministry, by Mr. Grey, as Ground of Impeach-
ment; and a Motion on that Subject.-Negatived.-Motions, in both
Houses of Parliament, against the Continuation of the War.-Negatived.
Motion, by Mr. Wilberforce, for the Abolition of the Slave-Trade, on a
certain Day.-Negatived. The Seffion of Parliament closed by a Speech
from the Throne

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60

CHAP. V.

First Cares and Employment of the French Directory. - Determination to
keep alive the Martial Spirit of the French Nation. And to Extend their
Victories as far as possible. But, at the fame Time to make a shew of
Pacific Inclinations. Preparations for War on the Part of the Allies.-
Attempt towards Negociation between the French and the Allies at Bafie,
in Switzerland. Rupture threatened between the French and Swifs Can-
tons. Prevented.-Plan of Directory for Military Operations. Mani-
fefto of Charette. Revival of the War in La Vendée. New Complexion
of this. Total Defeat of the Insurgents. -Capture and Execution of Cha-
rette and Stoflet. - Manifesto of the Directory for Restraining the Cruelties
of their Soldiers. --Lenient Measures.-Good Effects of these

CHAP. VI.

75

Address of the Directory to the French Armies.-Determination to carry the
War into Italy. Difficulties to be encountered in carrying this Plan into
Execution, Buonaparte. - The French Army, under his Command, makes
rapid Progress in Italy. -The Auftrians, under General Beaulieu, con

stantly repulsed, yet not difpirited. - Various Actions. Suspension of

Arms agreed on between the French and Piedmontese Armies. General

Beaulieu re-croffes the Po, for covering the Countries to the North of that

River. At Paris, Negociation for Peace between the King of Sardinia

and the French Republic. -Treaty of Peace between France and Sardinia

ratified by the Legislative Bodies of France. Exultation and Confidence of

the French. Improved by Buonaparte, for the Purpose of leading on the

Army to farther Exploits. Address to the Army. - General Object and

Tendency of Buonaparte's private Conversation. Homage paid to the Merit

of Buonaparte and the Army, by the Directory-Buonaparte puts his

Army in Motion. -Crosses the Po, and leaves General Beaulieu to break

up his Camp.-Armistice between the French Army and the Duke of Parma.

-The French advance toward the Capital of Lombardy. -Battle of Lodi.-

The Austrians retreat to Mantua. The French proceed to Milan, where

the French General allows his People jome Days of Repose

CHAP. VII,

85

Exultation of the French at the Successes of their Armies. Their Army in
Italy animated by the Praises of their Countrymen, and the Conversation
as well as the Proclamations of Buonaparte to a high Paffion for Glory-
Enter the Duchy of Modena. Spoliation of Monuments of Antiquity and
Art.-Abhorrence of the Italian Nobility and Clergy towards the French
greater than that of the inferior Claffes. - A general Insurrection, ready to
break out, quashed by the l'igilance and Promptitude of Buonaparte. The
Auftrians, under General Beaulieu, with the Connivance of the Venetians,
take Poffeffion of Peschiera. Buonaparte advances against Beaulieu, who
retreats to the Tyrolere. - The Venetians tremble before the French. - Dif-
miss from their Territories the Brother of the late King and Claimant of the
Crown of France. --Buonaparte takes Poffeffion of Verona.-Blockades
Mantua. Prepares to march into the Tyrolese. - Detained by Insurrections
in the Districts, known under the Name of Imperial Fiefs. These being

fuppreffed, he carries his Arms to the Southward.--Reduces Tortona, Bo-

logna, and Urbino. Menaces Rome. - Armistice between the Pope and

Buonaparte. Sufpenfion of Hostilities with Naples. - Buonaparte the Friend

and Patron of Men of Learning and Science-Ambitious Views of the

French Republic. Infurrection in Lugo.-Quelled, and the City reduccd by

the French. The Blockade of Mantua converted into a clofe Siege. Raised

by Marshal Wurmfer. - Actions between the French Army and that of the

Auprians, reinforced by Detachments from Mantua. ---Remarkable Instance

of Prefence of Mind in Buonaparte. -The Austrians driven back beyond the

Adige

93

CHAP. VIII.

Italian Moos excited against the French. Supprefied by a Terror of the
Storious French. Marshal Wurmser, pursued by Buonaparte, retreats

into the Tyrolefe. -The Siege of Mantua refumed.-Marshal Wurmfer,

powerfully reinforced, makes Head against the French in the Venetian

Territories. But is defeated. The French take Poffeffion of Trent.-

Continued Success of Buonaparte. - Marshal Wurmfer, with the Remains

of his Army, makes good his Retreat, and takes Shelter within the Walls of

Mantua. Corfica, evacuated by the English, returns under the Govern-

ment of France.-Pacification between France and Naples including the

Batavian Republic. Religious Zeal of the Romans. -Awakened by the Court

of Rome into rage, and avowed Preparations for War against the French.-

A new Republic, composed of feveral small States. Prevalence of the

Republican Spirit in Italy. The Austrians reinforced with Troops from

Germany, advance against the French. Retake Trent. But are de-

feated with prodigious Lofs at Arcola. -The Austrians, though frequently

defcated, return to the Charge.-High Spirit and Courage of the Ty-

rolians.-Devotion of the Army in Italy to the French Republic.-Patience

of the French Soldiers under manifold Privations

CHAP. IX.

109

Campaign in Germany. - Opposite Designs of the French and Auftrians.-
Succeffes of the French. They invest Ehrenbritslein. --Driven back, by the
Archduke Charles, to Duffeldorf. The Division of the French Army under
Moreau takes Post at Strasburg. The Plan of Operations proposed by this
General. Croffes the Rhine.-Reduces the Fortress of Kehl.-Defeats the
Austrians, under Marshal Wurmfer, near Philipsburg. And in various
and fucceffive Engagements. The Austrians retire, in order to wait for
Reinforcements, into the Interior of Germany. Junction of the French
Troops under Jourdan and Kleber. These united reduce Frankfort.-
Succeffes of Morcau in Swabia, Ceffation of Hoftilities between the French
and the Princes of Wirtemberg and Baden. -Conduct of Pruffia.-APruffian
Army takes Poffeffion of Nuremberg. Impolicy of the French in the Mode
of raising Contributions. Cause of this. Depredations of the. French in
Germany. Operations of the French Armies under Moreau and Jourdan.-
Difafters of the Austrians. -The Emperor represents the Situation of
Germany, and his own Situation, in an Appeal to his Bohemian and Hunga-
rian Subjects. Diet of the Empire.-Partakes of the general Confternation
of Germany. Determination to open a Negociation for Peace with France.

-The Tide of Success turned against the French by the Germans, under the

Archduke Charles.-Obstinate Engagements.-Masterly Retreat of the

French Armies.-Particularly of that under Moreau, Confequences.-

The Auftrians occupied in the Siege of Kehl.-Sally of the Garrison there.

-Various Actions. Armistice between the French and Aufirians.-

The Diet of the Empire re-animated by the enterprizing Spirit and Succefs

of the Archduke Charles, folicitous to regain the Favour of the Imperial

Court

126

CHAP.