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minions, rights, commerce, and prerogatives whatfoever, by guaranteeing reciprocally for this pur pofe all their countries, dominions, and poffeffions, as well fuch as they actually poffefs, as those which they may acquire by treaty.

2. If, notwithstanding the efforts which they fhall employ by common confent, in order to obtain this end, it fhould nevertheless happen that one of them fhould be attacked by fea or land, the other fhall furnish him, immediately on the requifition being made, the fuccours ftipulated by the following articles of this treaty.

plenipotentiaries, that is to fay, his Britannic majefty, the fieur Charles Whitworth, his envoy extraordinary and minifter plenipotentiary to her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias, knight of the order of the Bath; and her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias, the fieur John count Ofterman, her vicechancellor, actual privy counsellor, fenator, and knight of the orders of St. Andrew, of St. Alexander Newfky, great crofs of that of St. Vladimir of the firft clafs and of St. Anne; the fieur Alexander count of Belborodko, her great mafter of the court, actual privy-counsellor, director-general of the pofts, and knight of the orders of St. Andrew, of St. Alexander Newíky, and great cross of that of St. Vladimir of the first clafs; and the fieur Arcadi de Marcoff, privycounsellor, member of the college of foreign affairs, knight of the order of St. Alexander Newtky, and great crofs of that of St.,tage and fecurity, as well as for Vladimir of the firft clafs: who, the re-eftablishment of peace, and after having mutually exchanged for the maintenance of the general their full powers, found to be in tranquillity of Europe, and above good and due form, have agreed all that of the North. upon the following articles:

Art. 1. There fhall be a fincere and conftant friendship between his Britannic majefty and her majefty the empress of all the Ruffias, their heirs and fucceffors; and, in confequence of this intimate union, the high contracting parties fhall have nothing more ftrongly at heart than to promote by all poffible means their mutual interefts, to avert from each other whatever might cause them any injury, damage, or prejudice, and to maintain themselves reciprocally in the undisturbed poffeffion of their doVOL. XXXVII.

3. His Britannic majefty and her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias declare, however, that in contracting the prefent alliance their intention is by no means to give offence thereby, or to injure any one, but that their fole intention is to provide by these engagements for their reciprocal advan

4. As the two high contracting parties profefs the fame defire to render each other their mutual fuccours as advantageous as poffible, and as the natural force of Russia confifts in land troops, whilft Great Britain can principally furnish fhips of war, it is agreed upon, that if his Britannic majefty fhould be attacked or difturbed by any other power, and in whatever manner it might be, in the poffeffion of his dominions and provinces, fo that he should think it neceffary to require the affittance of his ally, her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias

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fhall

fhall fend him immediately 10,000 infantry and 2000 horfe. If, on the other hand, her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias thould find herfelf attacked or disturbed by any other power, and in whatever manner it may be, in the poffetfion of her dominions and provinces, fo that the fhould think it neceffary to require the affifiance of her ally, his Britannic majefty fhall fend her forthwith a fquadron of twelve fhips of war and of the line, carrying 708 guns, according to the following lift: two fhips of 74 guns, making together 148 guns, and the crews 960 men; fix hips of 60 guns, making 360 guns, and the crews 2400 men; four fhips of 50 guns, making 200 guns, and the crews 1200 men. In the whole 12 fhips, 708 guns, and the crews 4560 men. This fquadron fhall be properly equipped and armed for war. Thefe fuccours fhall be refpectively fent to the places which fhall be specified by the requiring party, and fhall remain at his free difpofal as long as hoftilities fhall laft.

5. But if the nature of the attack were fuch, as that-the party attacked fhould not find it to his intereft to demand the effective fuccours, fuch as they have been ftipulated for in the preceding article, in that cafe the two high contracting powers have refolved to change the faid fuccour into a pecuniary fubfidy; that is to fay, if his Britannic majefty fhould be attacked, and thould prefer pecuniary fuccours, her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias, after the requifition having been previouily made, fhall pay to him the fum of 500,000 rubles yearly, during the 3

whole continuance of hoftilities, to aflift him to fupport the expences of the war; and if her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias thould be attacked, and thould prefer pecuniary fuccours, his Britan nic majefty fhall furn fh her with the fame fum yearly, as long as hoftilities fhall laft.

6. If the party required, after having furnished the fuccour ftipulated in the fourth article of this treaty, fhould be himfelf attacked, fo as to put him thereby under the neceffity of recalling his troops for his own fafety, he thall be at liberty to do so, after having informed the requiring party thereof two months beforehand. In like manner, if the party required were himself at war at the time of the requifition, fo that he thould be obliged to retain near himself, for his own proper fecurity and defence, the forces which he is bound to furnish his ally in virtue of this treaty; in fuch cafe the party required fhall be difpensed from furnishing the faid fuccour, fo long as the faid neceflity thall last

7. The Ruffian auxiliary troops fhall be provided with field artillery, ammunition, and every thing of which they may ftand in need, in proportion to their number. They fhall be paid and recruited annually by the requiring court. With regard to the ordinary rations and portions of provifions and fo rage, as well as quarters, they fhall be then furnished to them by the requiring court, the whole on the footing upon which his own troops are or thall be maintained in the field or in quarters.

8. In cafe the faid Ruffian auxiliary

liary troops required by his Britannic majefty fhould be obliged to march by land, and to traverse the dominions of any other powers, his Britannic majefty fhall ufe his endeavours jointly with her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias to obtain for them a free paffage, and fhall fupply them on their march with the neceffary provifions and forage in the manner, ftipulated in the preceding article; and when they thall have to cross the fea, his Britannic majefty fhall take upon himself either to transport them in his own fhips, or to defray the expences of their paffage; the fame is alfo to be understood as well with regard to the recruits which her Imperial majefty will be obliged to fend to her troops, as respecting their return to Ruffia, whenever they fhall either be fent back by his Britannic majefty, or recalled by her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias for her own defence, according to article 6 of this treaty. It is further agreed upon, that, in cafe of recalling or fending back the faid troops, an adequate convoy of thips of war fhall efcort them for their fecurity.

9. The commanding officer, whether of the auxiliary troops of her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias, or of the fquadron which his Britannic majesty is to furnish Ruffia with, fhall keep the command which has been entrusted to him; but the command in chief thall belong most certainly to him whom the requiring party fhall appoint for that purpofe; under the refriction, however, that nothing of importance shall be undertaken that fhall not have been beforehand regulated and determined upon in a council of war, in the

prefence of the general and commanding officers of the party required.

10. And, in order to prevent all difputes about rank, the requiring party fhall give due notice of the officer to whom he will give the command in chief, whether of a fleet or of land forces; to the end that the party required may regulate in confequence the rank of him who fhall have to command the auxiliary troops or fhips.

11. Moreover, thefe auxiliary forces fhall have their own chaplains, and the entire free excrcife of their religion, and fhall not be judged in whatever appertains to military fervice, otherwife than according to the laws and articles of war of their own fovereign. It fhall likewife be permitted for the general and the reft of the auxiliary forces to keep up a free correfpondence with their country, as well by letters as expreffes.

12 The auxiliary forces on both fides fhall be kept together as much as poffible; and in order to avoid their being fubjected to greater fatigues than the others, and to the end that there may be in every expedition and operation a perfect equality, the commander in chief thall be bound to obferve on every, occafion a juft proportion, according to the force of the whole flect or army.

13. The fquadron which bis Britannic majetty is to furnish by virtue of this alliance, thall be admitted into all the ports of her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias, where it fhall experience the most amicable treatment, and fhall be provided with every thing which it may ftand in need of, on paying the fame price as the hips of her

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Imperial

Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias; and the faid fquadron fhall be allowed to return every year to the ports of Great Britain, as foon as the feafon will no longer permit it to keep the fea; but it is formally and from this time forward ftipulated, that this fquadron fhall return every year to the Baltic' fea about the beginning of the month of May, not to quit it again before the month of October, and that as often as the exigency of the treaty thall require it.

14. The requiring party, in claiming the fuccours ftipulated by this treaty, fhall point out at the fame time to the required party, the place where he thall with that it may, in the firft inftance, repair; and the faid requiring party fhall be at liberty to make ufe of the faid fuccour during the whole time it fhall be continued to him in fuch manner and at fuch places as he thall judge to be most suitable for his fervices against the aggreffor.

15. The conditions of this treaty of alliance fhall not be applicable to the wars which may arife between her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias and the powers and people of Afia, refpecting whom his Britannic majefty fhall be difpenfed with from furnithing the fuccours ftipulated by the prefent treaty; excepting in the cafe of an attack made by any European power against the rights and poffeffions of her Imperial majefty, in what ever part of the world it may be. As alfo, on the other hand, her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias fhall not be bound to furnish the fuccours ftipulated by this fame treaty in any cafe whatever, excepting that of an attack made by

any European power against the rights and poffeflions of his Bri tannic majefty, in whatever part of the world it may be.

16. It has been in like manner agreed upon, that confidering the great diftance of places, the troops which her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias will have to furnish by virtue of this alliance, for the defence of his Britannic majefty, fhall not be fent to Spain, Portugal, or Italy, and ftill lefs out of Europe.

17. If the fuccours ftipulated in the fourth article of this treaty thould not be fufficient, in that cafe the contracting parties referve to themselves to make a further provifion between themselves with refpect to the additional fuccours which they fhould give to each other.

18. The requiring party fhall make neither peace nor truce with the common enemy, without including the required party, to the end that the latter may not fuffer any injury in confequence of the fuccours he thall have given to his ally.

19. The prefent defenfive alliance thall in no way derogate from the treaties and alliances which the high contracting parties may have with other powers, inasmuch as the faid treaties fhall not be contrary to this, nor to the friend thip and good understanding which they are refolved conftantly to keep up between them.

20. If any other power would accede to this prefent alliance, their faid majefties have agreed to concert together upon the admiffion of fuch power.

21. The two high contracting parties, defiring mutually and with eagerne's

eagerness to ftrengthen and to confolidate as much as poffible the friendship and union already happily fubfifting between them, and to protect and extend the commerce between their respective fubjects, promife to proceed with out delay to the forming of a definitive arrangement of commerce. 22. As circumftances may make it neceffary to make fome change in the claufes of the prefent treaty, the high contracting parties have thought proper to fix the duration of it to eight years, counting from the day of exchanging the ratifications: but before the expiration of the eighth year it fhall be renewed according to exifting circumftances.

23. The prefent treaty of alliance fhall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged here, in the fpace of two months, or fooner if it can be done.

In witness whereof the above mentioned minifters plenipotentiary on both fides have figned the prefent treaty, and have thereunto affixed the feals of their arms.

Done at St. Petersburgh this eighteenth day of February, one thousand feven hundred and ninety-five. (L.S) CHARLES WHITWORTH. (L.S.) CTE. JEAN D'OSTERMAN. (L.S.) ALEXANDER CTE. DE BESBORODKO,

(L.S.) ARCADI DE MARCOFF.

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moft gracious fovereign, the emprefs of all the Ruflias, governor general of Minck, Izaslaw, and Bracklaw, knight of the Ruffian order of St Alexander Newski, &c.

In executing the Supreme will of my most gracious fovereign, the emprefs of all the Ruflias, be it known to all those whom it may concern, that her Imperial majefty, having repreffed the troubles generally prevailing in the provinces occupied by her troops, means to incorporate with her own eftates for ever the provinces adjoining to the governments committed to my care.

For the purpofe of maintaining juftice and good order, and preferving the limits of the ancient frontier between the Ruffian and Auftrian poffeflions to the river Bog, the countries along the defcent of that river, to the frontier of Lithuania, comprifing the palatinates of Wolhynia and Chelm, fituate on the right fide of the Bog; and all the lands, diftricts, and towns adjoining the palatinates of Beltz and Ruffia, fhall, in future and for ever, belong to the Ruffian crown, and a perpetual fubjection is attached henceforth to all the inhabitants of these provinces, and all the proprietors of every age, fex, or rank whatever.

For this purpose I have received ftrict orders from her majefty, the emprefs, to affure all her new fubjects in her name and on her word, that they fhall be admitted to all her benefits and diftinctions granted by her Imperial manifefto of the 27th of March, 1793, as fol

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