of the Russians, with whom you may recollect that province was at peace, to execute vengeance; that they waylaid him, but had only yet broken his arm by a shot. Sass has already exhausted all my thunder;" yet I must say, that in thus attempting to turn contempt upon one who has fought so gallantly in the most sacred of all causes, he seems to me like one who, after having acquired an article by robbery, seeks to raise the cry of "thief" against the rightful owner for endeavouring to regain it. Lest, however, I should be thought to have lightly spoken in this instance (but Shiratbooch's, remember, is not the only evidence) even of this "bold bad man," I shall state what I consider to be the nature of the presumptive evidence against him, and it is not to be supposed that other than presumptive evidence can be had against him in such a case. First, then, there was his personal hostility to the prince, caused by their personal conflict, and the wound Sass, who is justly proud of his prowess, then received; next, the singular courage, prowess, and enterprise of Aislan, which bade fair to destroy the influence the general seeks to gain in those provinces on the Kuban, which you know he had lately declared annexed to the empire; thirdly, the total absence of any previous feud or ill-will between the relatives, or of any known cause why Ali should, by committing the murder, have drawn upon himself the hatred of his countrymen, even in Besni, and the extreme danger of vengeance from Aislan's numerous and powerful friends and adherents, other than a promise of reward; fourthly, the total improbability that Ali should have incurred this

VOL. LXXXII

danger speculatively, or without a precise engagement as to the benefit he should receive by so doing; and, fifthly, the damning circumstance of the general having immediately rewarded the murderer, and exhibited such savage joy over the body of his victim. This young noble, Shiratbooch, confirms what I had before heard of the inhabitants of Great Kabarda in general, having been disarmed. Those who still retain their weapons have each a ticket or bill of permission. Imagine for a moment individuals of that chivalrous race licensed like our ticket-porters, and, like them, obliged to do for hire whatever they be bidden! Many such he saw who had just returned wounded from an expedition against some of their mountain countrymen (the Tchertchenses, I believe), and another on a larger scale was ordered, and then suddenly countermanded while in preparation. The Russians have also commenced colonising Kabarda (the cheapest and most effective mode of retaining a conquest, according to Machiavelli, whose "Prince," all things considered, I take to be the text-book of their statesmen), and many villages of these short-nosed, high-cheek-boned, and small-eyed race are already there established. The difference of religion will long prevent intermarriage with the natives (if the Russians be permitted to retain possession), otherwise we might, by anticipation, deplore the diminished beauty of the Kabardians, in like manner as I have heard lamented the change that has occurred in this respect, as well as in morals, in the blood of the once-famed Georgia, through the foul inundation of frosty yet lascivious Muscovy,

2 Q

CHARLES WHEATSTONE, of Conduitstreet, Hanover-square, esq., and Willliam Fothergill Cooke, of Sussex cottage, Slough, esq., for improvements in giving signals, and sounding alarms at distant places, by means of electric currents. Arthur Howe Holdsworth, of Brookhill, Devon, esq., for improvements in preserving wood from decay.

Charles Rowley, of Birmingham, stamper and piercer, and Benjamin Wakefield, of Bordesley, machinist, for improved methods of cutting out, stamping, or forming and piercing buttons, shells, and backs for buttons, washers, or other articles from metal plate, with improved machinery and tools for those purposes.

James Hay, of Belton, in Haddington, Scotland, captain in the royal navy, for an improved plough, "the Belton plough."

Joseph Gibbs, of Kennington, Surrey, engineer, for an improvement or improvements in the machinery for preparing fibrous substances for spinning, and in the mode of spinning certain fibrous substances.

James Nasmyth, of Paticroft, near Manchester, engineer, for certain improvements applicable to railway carriages.

Thomas Laurente Lamy Godard, of Christopher-street, Finsbury - square, London, merchant, (a communication from a certain foreigner), for improvements in looms for weaving, to be worked by steam or other power.

George Wilton Turner, late of Parkvillage, Regent's-park, Middlesex, but now of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Doctor of Philosophy, and Herbert Minton, of Longfield - cottage, Stoke-upon-Trent, Stafford, manufacturer, for an improved porcelain.

Robert Montgomery, of Johnston, Renfrew, Scotland, gentleman, for an improvement or improvements in spinning machinery, applicable to mules, jennies, slubbers, and other similar mechanism.

William Vickers, of Firs-hill, York, steel manufacturer (a communication from a foreigner), for an improvement in the manufacture of cast steel.

Christopher Edward Dampier, of Ware, Hertford, attorney-at law, for an improved weighing machine.

John Leslie, of Conduit-street, Hanover-square, Middlesex, tailor (a communication), for improvements in measuring the human figure.

Thomas Clark and Charles Clark, of Wolverhampton, Stafford, iron founders and co-partners, for improvements in glazing and enamelling cast iron hollow

ware.

John Ainslie, farmer, Redheugh, near Dalkeith, for a machine for a new and improved mode of making or moulding tiles, bricks, retorts, and such like work from clay.

Arthur Eldred Walker, of Meltonstreet, Euston-square, engraver, for improvements in engraving by machinery.

William Cubitt, of Gray's-inn-road, builder, for an improvement or improvements in roofing.

Wilkinson Steele and Patrick Sanderson Steele, manufacturing ironmongers, of George-street, Edinburgh, for improvements in kitchen ranges for culinary purposes, and apparatus for raising the temperature of water for baths and

other uses.

Joseph Needham Taylor, of Plymouth, captain in the Royal Navy, for improvements in steam-boats and vessels making applicable the power of the steam-engine to new and useful purposes of navigation.

James Hancock, of Gloucester-place, Walworth, for a method of forming a fabric or fabrics applicable to various uses, by combining caoutchouc or certain compounds thereof, with wood, whalebone, or other fibrous materials, vegetable or animal, manufactured or prepared for that purpose, or with metallic substances manufactured or prepared.

Robert Willis, of the University of Cambridge, clerk, for improvements in apparatus for weighing.

Thomas Kerr, of Forecrofts, Dunse, in the county of Berwick, esq., for a new and improved mortar or cement for building, also for mouldings, castings, statuary, tiles, pottery, imitations of soft and hard rocks, and other useful purposes, and which mortar or cement is applicable as a manure for promoting vegetation and destroying noxious in

sects.

Thomas Farmer, of Gunnersburyhouse, near Acton, Middlesex, esq., for improvements in treating pyrites to obtain sulphur, sulphureous acid, and other products.

Rowland Macdonald Stephenson, of Upper Thames-street, in the city of London, civil engineer, for certain improvements in shifting and working stage scenes, and other theatrical machinery.

Miles Berry, of Chancery-lane, Middlesex (communication from a foreigner), an invention or discovery by which certain textile or fibrous plants are rendered applicable to making paper, and spinning into yarns, and weav ing into cloth, in place of flax, hemp, cotton, and other fibrous materials com. monly used for such purposes.

William Isaac Cookson, of Newcastleupon-Tyne, esq., certain improved processes or operations for obtaining copper and other metals from metallic

ores.

George Wilson, of St. Martin's-court, St. Martin's-lane, Middlesex, stationer, an improved paper cutting machine.

Henry Pinkus, late of Pennsylvania, in the United States of America, but now of 79, Oxford-street, Middlesex, gentleman, improvements in inland transit, some of which improvements are applicable to, and may be combined with, an improved method of, or apparatus for, communicating and transmitting, or extending, motive power, by means whereof carriages or waggons may be propelled on railways or roads, and vessels may be propelled on canals. James Beaumont Neilson, of Glasgow, gentleman, for certain improved methods of coating iron under various circumstances, to prevent oxidation or corrosion, and for other purposes.

Joseph Clisild Daniell, of Limpley Stoke, Wilts, for an improved method of preparing shoot or weft to be used in

weaving woollen cloth, and cloths made of wool and other materials.

John Rangeley, of Camberwell, gent., for improvements in the construction of railways, and in the means of applying power to propelling carriages and machinery.

Charles Alexander Petterin, of Leicester-square, gent., for improvements in wind and stringed musical instruments. (A communication from a foreigner.)

James Knowles, of Little Bolton, Lancaster, coal merchant, for an improved arrangement of apparatus for regulating the supply of water to steam boilers.

George Gwynne, of Portland-terrace, Regent's-park, gent., for improvements in the manufacture of candles, and in operating upon oils and fats.

Etienne Robert Gaubert, of Paris, professor of mathematics, for certain improvements in machinery, or apparatus for distributing types or other typographical characters into proper receptacles, and placing the same in order for setting up after being used in printing.

James Hadden Young, of Little France, merchant, and Adrien Delcombe, of the same place, manufacturer, for an improved mode of setting up printing types.

Robert Haricas, of Burton Crescent, surgeon, for improvements in rendering fabrics and leather waterproof.

Isham Baggs, of Cheltenham, gentleman, for improvements in engraving, which improvements are applicable to lithography.

Sir William Burnet, of Somersethouse, Middlesex, knight, for improvements in preserving animal, woollen, and other fibrous substances from decay.

William Palmer, of Sutton-street, Clerkenwell, candle maker, for improvements in the manufacture of candies, and in apparatus for applying light.

Henry Smith, of Birminghain, lamp manufacturer for improvements in gas burners, and in lamps.

Henry Kirk, of Upper Norton-street, Portland-place, merchant, for improvements in the application of a substance or composition, as a substitute for ice for skating and sliding purposes; part of which improvements may also be employed in the manufacture of ornamental slabs and mouldings.

Claude Joseph Edmed Chaudron

Junot, of Brewer-street, Golden-square, operative chemist, for certain improved processes for purifying and also for solidifying tallows, grease, oils, and oleaginous substances.

John Leberecht Steinhaueser, of Upper Islington Terrace, gent., for improvements in spinning and doubling wool, cotton, silk, and other fibrous materials, being a communication from a foreigner residing abroad.

Peter Bancroft, of Liverpool, merchant, and John Mac Innes, of the same place, manufacturing chemist, for an improved method of renovating or restoring animal charcoal after it has been used in certain processes or manufactures, to which charcoal is now generally applied, and thereby recovering the properties of such animal charcoal, and rendering it again fit for similar uses. Harrison Blair, of Kearsley, manufacturing chemist, and Henry Hough Watson, of Little Bolton, chemist, for an improvement or improvements in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, crystallized soda, and soda ash, and the recovery of a residuum or residuums applicable to various useful purposes.

James Caldwell, of Mill-place, Commercial-road, engineer, for improvements in cranes, windlasses, and capstans.

William Grimman, of Camden-street, Islington, modeller, for a new mode of wood paving.

Thomas Robinson Williams, of Cheapside, gentleınan, for certain improvements in obtaining power from steam. and other elastic vapours or fluids, and for the means employed in generating such vapours or fluids, and also for using these improvements in conjunc tion with distillation or evaporation, and other useful purposes.

William Henry Bailey Webster, of Ipswich, surgeon, for improvements in preparing skins and other animal mat. ters for the purposes of tanning and the manufacture of gelatine.

Robert Cooper, of Petworth, Gloucester, gent., for improvements in ploughs.

Henry Philip Rouquette, of Norfolkstreet, Strand, merchant, being a communication from abroad, for a new pig

ment.

Pierre Auguste Ducote, of No 70, Saint Martin's Lane, lithographer, for certain improvements in printing china, porcelain, earthenware, and other like

wares; and for printing on paper, calicoes, silks, woollens, oil-cloths, leather and other fabrics; and for an improved material to be used in printing.

Arthur Wall, of Bermondsey, surgeon, for a new composition for the prevention of corrosion in metals, and for other purposes.

Thomas Gadd Matthews, of Bristol, merchant, and Robert Leonard, of the same place, merchant, for certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for sawing, rasping, or dividing dyewoods or tanner's bark.

William Newton, of Chancery-lane, patent agent, for an improved apparatus and process for producing sculptured forms, figures, or devices in marble, and other hard substances, being a communication from a foreigner residing

abroad.

Frank Hills, of Deptford, manufac turing chemist, for certain improvements in the construction of steamboilers and engines, and of locomotive carriages.

Henry Montague Grover, of Boveney, Buckingham, clerk, for an improved method of retarding and stopping rail. way trains.

Miles Berry, of Chancery-lane, patent agent, for certain improvements in treating, refining, and purifying oils, being a communication from abroad.

Rice Harris, of Birmingham, gent., for certain improvements in cylinder plates and blocks, used in printing and embossing.

Richard Foote, of Faversham, watchmaker, for improvements in alarums.

William Bush, of Camberwell, merchant, for improvements in fire-arms and in cartridges, being a communication.

James Buchanan, of Glasgow, mer. chant, for certain improvements in the machinery, applicable to the preparing, twisting, and spinning of hemp, flax, and other fibrous substances, and certain improvements in the mode of apply. ing tar or other preservative to rope and other yarns.

Francis Gybbon Spilsbury, of Walsall, Staffordshire, chemist, Marie Francois Catherine Doetzer Corbaux, of Upper Norton-street, Middlesex, and Alexander Samuel Byrne, of Montaguesquare, of Middlesex, gent., for improvements in paints, or pigments and vehicles, and in modes of applying paints, pigments and vehicles,

Joseph Clinton Robertson, of 166, Fleet-street, London, Patent Agent, being a coinmunication from abroad, for an improved method or methods, of obtaining mechanical power from electro magnetism, and the engine or engines by which the said power may be made applicable to motive purposes.

William Winsor, of Rathbone-place, Middlesex, artists' colourman, for a certain method, or certain methods, process or processes for preparing, preserving and using colours.

Sir Josiah John Guest, of the Dowlais Iron Works, Glamorgan, baronet, and Thomas Evans, of the same place, agent, for certain improvements in the manufacture of iron and other metals. William Henry Smith, of York-road, Lambeth, civil engineer, for an improve ment or improvements in the mode of resisting shocks to railway carriages and trains, and also in the mode of connecting and disconnecting railway carriages, also in the application of springs to carriages.

James Allison, of Monkwearmouth, Durham, iron master, and Roger Lumsden, of the same place, chain and anchor manufacturer, for improvements in the manufacture of iron knees for ships and vessels.

William Pettitt, of Bradwell, Bucks, gent., for a communicating apparatus to be applied to railroad carriages.

William Lance, of George-yard, Lombard-street, insurance-broker, for a new and improved instrument or apparatus to be used in whale fishery, part or parts of which upon an increased scale are also applicable as a motive power for driving machinery.

Edward John Carpenter, of Toft Monks, Norfolk, commander in the royal navy, for improvements in the application of machinery for assisting vessels in performing certain evolutions upon the water, especially tacking, veering, steering, propelling, casting, or winding aud backing astern.

Richard Prosser, of Birmingham, civil engineer, and John James Rippon, of Well-street, Middlesex, ironmonger, for certain improvements in apparatus for heating apartments, and in apparatus for cooking.

William Hickling Bennett, of Whar ton-street, Bagnigge Wells-road, gent., for improved machinery for cutting or working wood.

William Potts, of Birmingham, brass

John Crighton, junior, of Manchester, machine maker, for certain improvements in machinery for weaving single, double, or treble cloths, by hand or power.

John B. Humphreys, for certain improvements in shipping generally, and in steam vessels in particular, some of these improvements being individually novel, and some the result of a novel application of parts already known.

John William Nyren, of Bromley, manufacturing chemist, for improvements in the manufacture of oxalic acid.

Louis Leconte, of Leicester-square, gentleman, for improvements in con• structing fire-proof buildings.

William Palmer, of Feltwell, Norfolk, blacksmith, for certain improvements in ploughs.

James Jamieson Cordes and Edward Locke, of Newport, in the county of Monmouth, for a new rotary engine.

Francis Todd, of Pendennis Castle, Falmouth, gentleman, for improvements in obtaining silver from ores and other matters containing it.

Alexander Angus Croll, superintendent of the Chartered Gas Company's Works, Brick-lane, for certain improvements in the manufacture of gas, for the purposes of illumination, and for the preparation or manufacture of materials to be used in the purification of gas, for the purposes of illumination.

Robert Cook, of Johnston, in Renfrewshire, engineer and millwright, for the making of bricks by machinery, to be wrought either by steam or other power.

Thomas Richardson, of the town and county of the town of Newcastle-uponTyne, chemist, for a preparation of sulphate of lead, applicable to some of the purposes to which carbonate of lead is now applied.

Edward Thomas Bainbridge, of Parkplace, St. James's, Middlesex, esq., for improvements in obtaining power.