people were to be admitted within the church, -and where long folemn proceffions of many priefts formed an effential part of the devotion of the times, a larger space within the church was wanted; and as all these exercises could only be properly performed in an open space, which was not only fcreened from the rain, but alfo from thofe piercing winds and severe blasts, which at certain feafons, infeft thefe countries, it must be very obvious, that the ftile of Grecian architecture was by no means, fuited to the occafion. Instead of placing columns on the outside of the walls, to fupport an open. fhed roof, it was found neceffary to make the walls include the whole of the roofed area; and if pillars were neceffary within, it must have been found, that unless they were made more flender in their dimenfions, and placed at a much greater distance from each other, than in the porticoes of the ancients, there would not have been room for the priests to perform, with decorum, the various functions of their office; with regard to which, not only was space neceffary for allowing the various exercifes to be performed without confufion, but light alfo was required, that they might be difplayed to adventage. We are indeed affured, from undoubted records, that at the first, our churches, as well as the original temples of the ancients, were made entirely of wood; in which cafe, the internal conveniences fo much wanted, could eafily be obtained. In what manner these ancient wooden churches were conftructed, we can now only form imperfect conjectures, as I do not know that a drawing, or even an accurate defcription of one of them, is preferved. But it is probable, that the light having been freely admitted into these buildings on all fides, the airy fpaciousness of them within, gave the ecclefiaftics and the people, fuch a tafte for thefe conveniences, as to fet the ingenuity of artists at work, to discover a mode of constructing buildings entirely of ftone,_that hould poffefs both these requifite advantages. For it was foon found, that wooden edifices were fo liable to be confumed by fire, and otherwife fubject to decay, as to render a more durable kind of structure highly defirable. To conftruct a building entirely of ftone, that fhould poffefs the light fpacioufnefs of thefe wooden ftructures, would have been a problem, that would perhaps have puzzled the greatest architects of Greece and Rome to have folved; as it doubtlefs could not have been done upon thofe principles by which they have always conducted themselves. Yet, to the abasement of the pride of literature, it cannot be denied, that in the midst of the darkest barbarism and ignorance, as we are pleased to speak, a fet of felf-taught artifts arofe, who, upou the ftricteft principles of mathematical precifion, erected many structures of immenfe fize, and ftupendous magnificence, and poffeffing that fpacioufnefs of lightnefs within, fo defirable for the purposes to which they were appropriated, which ftill remain, proud monuments of the talents of those who firft devised that ftile of architecture. Of thefe we fhall treat more fully in fome, future number of this work. Dr Anderson An Efay on the Genius ond Character of Horace, as exhibited in his Odes Continued from page 94. Or that fublime spirit, which Horace, when he choofed, Quis martem tunica tectum adamantina Who can defcribe the God of fight Or Merion on the Trojan fhore With duft, how glorious, cover'd o'er, To warring Gods an equal made. We may also refer, among feveral others, to the 20th of the 2d book, the 4th, 5th, and 27th of the 3d book, the Carmen Seculare, and that noted ode of the 4th book, Qualem miniftrum fulminis alitem. In which the poet, like the fubject he defcribes, attempts a bold flight, but does not fupport himself equally. I ought not to forget the two celebrated odes which have Bacchus for their fubject, the one in the 2d, and the other in the 3d book: they are two of the most illuftrious inftances of the Mens Divinior, or rather, Furor Divinus of the poets. There is a rapture of of enthufiafm in them, which feem almoft to overwhelm their author. One cannot read them without terror. I have been somewhat particular in pointing out the higher beauties of Horace, as they are not fo obvious, nor does he, upon the whole, appear to fo much advantage in these, as in topics of a more humble and amiable kind. Rural elegance, the delicacies of love, the sweets of friendship, and convivial feftivity, when conducted with good humour. These he was well fitted to enjoy, and of these he loved to fing. To illuftrate this by particular examples is almoft unneceflary. Many enchanting defcriptions of rural happiness are to be found fcattered through all his writings, in his odes, epiftles, and even fatyrs. There is a beautiful ode expressly on this fubject, the 2d in the books called epodes. Beatus ille qui procul negotiis. In the 18th ode of the 2d book, we have a pleasing inftance of the happy fatisfaction, which virtuous fenfibility feels in the enjoyment of itself, especially in the retirement of the country. Horace, after informing us 169 that though no coftly furniture fhines in his house, nor is it elegantly adorned with ivory, and gold, and African columns; His propenfity to love, is well known to every one who has the fmalleft acquaintance with his writings: On this fubject he has laid himself open to censure, and his commentators have not failed to cenfure him abundantly; it is amufing to fee fome, who have not pointed out a single beauty, fhew much difcernment here: The exceptionable paffages are not however fo numerous, and they admit of many palliatives. The notions of decorum in his times, were very different from what prevail at present, with those who have the advantage of the ftrict morality of Christianity. Horace lived a court life, and had for his patron and example Mecenas, one, who, though poffeffed of fhining accomplishments, indulged much in fenfual pleasures. He had naturally extreme fenfibility, was volatile and flexible; he was confequently eafily led to whatever promised him pleafure. But what is perhaps the principal cause of these disagreeable paffages, is that openness of heart, fo eminent, I may say, fo peculiar to our author, who conceals nothing from us, even his worst and impureft thoughts. Had he poffeffed the cunning, to draw a VOL. II. Y April 6, veil over fome of his biaffes, like the reft of the world, I am perfuaded, we would have found him one of the moft delicate writers. If Horace has been fometimes grofs in the matters of love, he has much oftener fhewn, what the niceft refinements of that paffion are; he has prefented us with more elegant and natural ideas on this fubject, than perhaps any other writer ancient or modern. Of this, if it were neceffary, many beautiful proofs could be eafifily produced. But the best proof of his capacity for refined love, is the purity, and difinterested warmth of his friendships. On this quarter, we behold him, not only without any alloy of diffatisfaction, but with the highest delight; he fhews an attachment to all his friends, that is not only foft and amiable, but inexpreffibly lively and ftrong. In the ode to Pompeius Varus, he recalls to bis mind their former intimacy, which causes in him a tumultuousness of joy he can scarcely contain; after propofing much feftivity on the occafion, he tells us, that it is even pleasant for him to play the madman on the reception of a friend. In his own elegant words, -recepto Dulce mihi eft furere amico. Our tranfports for a friend restor❜d, Should even to madnefs fhake the board. In that beautifully romantic ode to Septimius, he concludes in this affecting manner. Ille te mecum locus, et beatae That happy place, that fweet retreat, And when at length your Horace dies |