Elements of Mental Philosophy, Embracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, Tập 1

Thomas Cogswell Upham

Harper & brothers., 1856

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Section INTRODUCTION CHAP I PRIMARY TRUTHS 1 Importance of preliminary statements in Mental Philosophy 3 Of the name or designation ...	17

Primary truth of personal existence Page	19

Occasions of the origin of the idea or belief of personal existence	20

Primary truth of personal identity	21

Reasons for regarding this a preliminary truth 8 There are original and authoritative grounds of belief	24

Primary truths having relation to the reasoning power	25

No beginning or change of existence without a cause 11 Occasions of the origin of the primary truth of effects and causes	26

Matter and mind have uniform and fixed laws	27

INTERNAL ORIGIN OF KNOWLEDGE Bection Page 169 The soul has fountains of knowledge within	221

Declaration of Locke that the soul has knowledge in itself	222

Opinions of Cudworth on the subject of internal knowledge	223

Further remarks of the same writer on this subject	224

Writers who have objected to the doctrine of an internal source of knowledge	226

Knowledge begins in the senses but has internal accessions	228

Instances of notions which have an internal origin	229

Imperfections attendant on classifications in mental philosophy	231

This primary truth not founded on reasoning	28

IMMATERIALITY OF THE MIND 14 On the meaning of the terms material and immaterial	30

Difference between mind and matter shown from language 16 Their different nature shown by their respective properties	31

The souls immateriality indicated by the feeling of identity	32

The material doctrine makes a man a machine 19 No exact correspondence between the mental and bodily state	34

Evidence of this want of exact correspondence	35

Comparative state of the mind and body in dreaming	36

The great works of genius an evidence of immateriality	37

Our first knowledge in general of a material or external origin	38

The doctrine of materiality inconsistent with future existence	39

The same subject further illustrated	40

LAWS OF BELief 24 Of belief its degrees and its sources 21 22 24 25 26 26	41

Memory and testimony considered as sources of belief	42

Of connatural or innate knowledge	43

Objection to reliance on testimony	44

Of relative suggestion as a ground of belief	45

Of reasoning as a ground or law of belief	46

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION 30 The mind may be regarded in a threefold point of view 442448	47

Evidence of the general arrangement from consciousness	48

Evidence of the same from the terms found in different languages	50

Further proof from various writers on the mind	53

Classification of the intellectual states of the mind	55

Page 59	60

Origin of the notion of extension and of form and figure	71

On the sensations of heat and cold	72

On the sensation of hardness and softness	73

Sensation a simple mental state originating in the senses 49 All sensation is properly and truly in the mind	76

50	78

ceptible of explanation 52 Of the meaning and nature of perception 51 The connexion between the mental and physical change not sus 53 Of the pri...	80

53	81

55	83

Nature and importance of the senses as a source of knowledge	84

Of the connexion of the brain with sensation and perception	85

Order in which the senses are to be considered 84 85	86

Of the sense and sensation of smell 60 Of perceptions of smell in distinction from sensations 61 Of the sense and sensation of taste	87

Design and uses of the senses of smell and taste	89

THE SENSE OF HEARING 63 Organ of the sense of hearing	90

Nature of sonorous bodies and the medium of the communication of sound	91

Varieties of the sensation of sound	92

Manner in which we learn the place of sounds	93

Application of these views to the art of ventriloquism	94

Uses of hearing and its connexion with oral language	96

Page	99

Of certain indefinite feelings sometimes ascribed to the touch	103

Relation between the sensation and what is outwardly signified	104

THE SENSE OF SIGHT 76 Of the organ of sight and the uses or benefits of that sense	105

Statement of the mode or process in visual perception	106

Of the original and acquired perceptions of sight	107

The idea of extension not originally from sight	108

Of the knowledge of the figure of bodies by the sight	109

Measurements of magnitude by the	111

CURRE 90	112

Of the estimation of distances by sight	114

Estimation of distance when unaided by intermediate objects	116

Of objects seen on the ocean	117

Supposed feelings of a being called into existence in the full pos session of his powers CHAP VII OF RELIANCE ON THE SENSES	118

By means of sensations we have a knowledge of outward things	122

Objection to a reliance on the senses 89 The senses circumscribed or limited rather than fallacious 90 Some alleged mistakes of the senses owing to w...	123

91	127

92	129

93	130

94	131

96	133

Of the sense of touch and its sensations in general 70 Idea of externality suggested in connexion with the touch 97	134

HABITS OF SENSATION AND PERCEPTION 98 General view of the law of habit and of its applications	135

Of habit in relation to the smell	137

Of habit in relation to the taste	138

Of habit in relation to the hearing	140

Of certain universal habits based on sounds 140	142

Application of habit to the touch	143

Habits considered in relation to the sight 104 Other striking instances of habits of touch	146

Notice of some facts which favour the above doctrine 110 Additional illustrations of Mr Stewarts doctrine 107 Of habits as modified by particular cal...	150

The law of habit considered in reference to the perception of the outlines and forms of objects 106 Sensations may possess a relative as well as positiv...	151

152	152

MUSCULAR HABITS 111 Instances in proof of the existence of muscular habits	154

Muscular habits regarded by some writers as involuntary	155

Objections to the doctrine of involuntary muscular habits	156

CONCEPTIONS 114 Meaning and characteristics of conceptions	158

Of conceptions of objects of sight	159

Of the influence of habit on our conceptions	161

Illustrations of analysis as applied to the mind	174

ABSTRACTION	180

Of the nature of general abstract ideas	188

Of the opinions of the Nominalists	194

154	199

155	200

156	202

158	204

159	205

161	207

Section Page 166 Of the senses sinking to sleep in succession	213

General remarks on cases of somnambulism	214

Further illustrations of somnambulism	216

DIVISION FIRST THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING INTELLECTIVE OR INTELLECTUAL STATES OF THE MIND PART SECOND	219

ORIGINAL SUGGESTION 177 Import of suggestion and its application in Reid and Stewart	232

Ideas of existence mind selfexistence and personal identity	234

Origin of the idea of externality	236

Idea of matter or material existence	237

Origin of the idea of motion	238

Of the nature of unity and the origin of that notion	239

Nature of succession and origin of the idea of succession	240

Origin of the notion of duration	241

Marks or characteristics of time	243

The idea of space not of external origin	245

The idea of space has its origin in suggestion	246

Characteristic marks of the notion of space	247

Of the origin of the idea of power	249

Origin of the idea of the first or primitive	250

Of the ideas of right and wrong	251

Origin of the ideas of moral merit and demerit	252

Of other elements of knowledge developed in suggestion	253

Suggestion a source of principles as well as of ideas	254

CONSCIOUSNESS 196 Consciousness the second source of internal knowledge its nature	256

Further remarks on the proper objects of consciousness	257

198	258

Instances of knowledge developed in consciousness	259

Of committing to writing as a means of aiding the memory	260

RELATIVE SUGGESTION OR JUDGMENT 200 Of the susceptibility of perceiving or feeling relations	261

Occasions on which feelings of relation may arise	262

Of the use of correlative terms	263

Definition of dreams and the prevalence of them	264

Apparent reality of dreams 2d cause	270

Of complex terms involving the relation of cause and effect	273

Resemblance in every particular not necessary	279

Secondary laws and their connexion with the primary	285

Of association caused by present objects of perception	294

Tendency of the mind to pass from the sign to the thing signified	301

Remarks on the general nature of memory	309

Application of the principles of this chapter to education	337

First cause of permanently vivid conceptions or apparitions Morbid sensibility of the retina of the	338

Second cause of permanently excited conceptions or apparitions Neglect of periodical bloodletting	339

Methods of relief adopted in this case	340

Third cause of excited conceptions Attacks of fever	341

Fourth cause of apparitions and other excited conceptions In flammation of the brain Page	342

Facts having relation to the fourth cause of excited conceptions 429	344

Meaning of the term and kinds of insanity	345

Of disordered or alienated sensations	346

Reasoning implies the existence of antecedent or assumed propo	347

Disordered state or insanity of original suggestion	348

Unsoundness or insanity of consciousness	349

Insanity of the judgment or relative suggestion	350

Disordered or alienated association Lightheadedness	351

Illustrations of this mental disorder	352

Of habits of reasoning	353

Of the power of reasoning in the partially insane	354

Instance of the above form of disordered reasoning	355

Of readiness of reasoning in the partially insane	356

Partial mental alienation by means of the imagination	357

Insanity or alienation of the power of belief	358

Demonstrations do not admit of different degrees of belief	359

Of perception in cases of total or delirious insanity	360

Of association in delirious insanity	361

Illustration of the above section	362

Of the subjects and importance of moral reasoning	365

Of instances or experiments in inductive reasoning termed instan	371

376 299 Care to be used in correctly stating the subject of discussion	374

Consider the kind of evidence applicable to the subject	375

Reject the aid of false arguments or sophisms	376

Fallacia equivocationis or the use of equivocal terms and phrases	378

On the sophism of estimating actions and character from the cir cumstances of success merely	379

Of adherence to our opinions	380

IMAGINATION 306 Imagination an intellectual process closely related to reasoning	383

Definition of the power of imagination	384

Process of the mind in the creations of the imagination	385

Further remarks on the same subject	386

Illustration from the writings of Dr Reid 311 Grounds of the preference of one conception to another 312 Illustration of the subject from Milton 313 ...	387

20 Feelings of sympathy aided by the imagination	398

COMPLEX IDEAS OF INTERNAL ORIGIN 321 Of complex ideas of external origin	399

Nature of complex ideas of internal origin 398 399	400

Of the help afforded by names in the combination of numbers	401

Instances of complex notions made up of different simple ideas	402

Not the same internal complex ideas in all languages	404

Origin of the complex notion of a Supreme Being	406

Section DIVISION FIRST THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING	409

CONNEXION OF THE MIND AND BODY Page	411

The mind constituted on the principle of a connexion with the body	412

Illustration of the subject from the effects of old	413

The connexion of the bodily system with the mental shown from the effects resulting from diseases	414

Shown also from the effects of stimulating drugs and gases	415

Influence on the body of excited imagination and passion	416

This doctrine of use in explaining mental phenomena	417

EXCITED CONCEPTIONS OR APPARITIONS 335 Of excited conceptions and of apparitions in general 336 Of the less permanent excited concepti...	418

437	437

Of the memory in connexion with delirious insanity 364 Of the power of reasoning in total or delirious insanity 365 Of the form of insanity called fu...	451

Of moral accountability in mental alienation	452

Of the imputation of insanity to individuals	453

Of the treatment of the insane	454

Ấn bản in khác - Xem tất cả

Elements of Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Two Departments of the ..., Tập 1
Thomas Cogswell Upham
Xem Toàn bộ - 1857

Elements of Mental Philosophy Embracing the Two Departments of the Intellect ...
Thomas C. Upham
Không có bản xem trước - 2016

Elements of Mental Philosophy Embracing the Two Departments of the Intellect ...
Thomas C. Upham
Không có bản xem trước - 2019

Thuật ngữ và cụm từ thông dụng

abstract acquainted action affections antecedent apparent magnitude appear apply ascribed assert association attention belief body called cause ception circumstances colour complex notion conceptions connexion consciousness consequence consideration considered constitution degree direct distance distinct doctrine dreams eral evidence exercise existence experience express extension external objects fact give habit hearing Hence human voice ideas instance intel intellectual internal origin James Mitchell knowledge language material world matter means memory mental mental philosophy merely nature ness nexion Nominalists notice occasion operations organ outward papillæ particular perceive perception person philosophy possess present principle propositions qualities reason reference relation remark respect retina rience sensation sensations exhibit sense of touch sidered sight simple smell somnambulism somnambulist soul sound speak statement suggestion supposed susceptible taste term ternal things tion train of thought true truth tympanum VENTRILOQUISM ventriloquist visual perception volition whole words writers

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Thông tin thư mục

Tiêu đề	Elements of Mental Philosophy, Embracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, Tập 1 Elements of Mental Philosophy, Embracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, Thomas Cogswell Upham
Tác giả	Thomas Cogswell Upham
Nhà xuất bản	Harper & brothers., 1856
Nguyên bản từ	Đại học Michigan
Đã được số hóa	21 Tháng Ba 2005

Xuất lời trích dẫn	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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