privileges granted to one class of of this people, and perhaps still people are necessarily an iojury more particularly in the indivito some other. duals of German origin who are “Emigrants from Germany, born in this country. or from any other country, have " This sentiment of superiority not on arriving here any favour over all other nations, which to expect from the governments; never leaves them, and which has but in case they should desire to been so very displeasing to fobecome citizens of the state, they reigners who have visited our may flatter themselves with en- shores, proceeds from the opinion joying the same rights as the entertained by each individual, natives of the country. If they that in quality of a member of possess property, they may society there is no person in this reckon upon finding the means of country superior to him. Proud increasing it with moderation, of this feeling, he regards with but with certainty; if they are some haughtiness those nations poor, but laborious, honest, and among whom the mass of the know how to be satisfied with a people are regarded as subordilittle, they will succeed in gain- nate to certain privileged classes, ing enough to support themselves and where men are great or inand their families ; they will pass significant by the hazard of their an independent, but a laborious birth. But from this it also hapand painful life, and if they can- pens, that no government in the not accommodate themselves to world has so little means of bethe moral, political, and physical stowing favour as that of the state of this country, the Atlantic United States. The governments Ocean will always be open to are the servants of the people, them to return to their native and they are regarded as such by countries. They must bend their the people, who create and decharacters to necessity, or they pose them. will assuredly fail as Americans They are elected to admi. in all their schemes of fortune; nister the public affairs for a they must throw off, as it were, short space of time, and when their European skin, never more the people are not satisfied with to resume it; they must direct them, they cease to maintain their thoughts rather forwards them in their functions. But if towards their posterity, than be the means of the government to hind them to their ancestors; do good are limited, the means they must persuade themselves of doing ill are limited also. Dethat whatever may be their own pendence here in the affairs of sentiments, those of their chil- government is precisely in the dren will assuredly approach inverse ratio of what takes place more to the habits of the coun- in Europe. The people here do try, and will catch something of not depend upon those that gothe haughtiness, perhaps a little vern them; but the latter, contemptuousness, which they such, depend constantly upon the have themselves remarked with good will of the people. surprise in the general character “ We know very well that of VOL. LXI. [R] the as gress have heretofore displayed a latter may be of great utility to liberal policy, in which, it may such of your countrymen as may be presumed, they will persevere. have formed erroneous ideas with To give effect to such a policy regard to emigration from Euwill afford me peculiar satis- rope to this country. It has faction." been clearly shown to you, and It may here deserve mention, you have accurately seized the that since the general peace, idea in your report, that the golarge bodies of distressed pea- vernment of the United States santry from various countries of has never taken any steps to inthe European continent, had vite or encourage emigrants to been impelled to cross the At- come from any part of Europe to lantic in search of the means of America. It has never held out subsistence which their native any inducements to draw to this soil no longer afforded. Many country the subjects of a foreign of these unfortunate emigrants, state. Motives of humanity have ignorant in every respect of the sometimes determined it to offer state of the country which they certain facilities to some emihad chosen as an asylum, and grants who may have arrived here destitute of every resource against with the intention of establishing immediate disappointment, found themselves here, and who had themselves soon after their ar- need of particular assistance for rival, in a state of forlorn and help- executing their intention. Neiless misery which excited at ther the government of the once commiseration for the im. Union, nor the different states mediate sufferers, and alarm for that compose it, despise or disthe fate of the thousands who dain the increase of strength and were preparing to follow them. prosperity which the nation might In this emergency M. Maurice receive from a mass of new inhade Furstenwaerter, by whom va. bitants, healthful, laborious, and rious benevolent efforts had been temperate; nor are they more made to relieve the distresses of indifferent to the great advanGerman emigrants to the United tages which this country has deStates, wisely judged it an act of rived, and is still deriving, from patriotism to publish in Germany the concourse of adopted chilthe following official communica- dren coming from Germany; but tion received from the American there is one principle on which government.-A document strik- all the institutions of this reingly illustrative of the genius of public are founded, and which is a commonwealth. a permanent objection to grant“ Washington, June 14, 1819. ing favours to new comers. This “ Sir,-I have had the honour is not a country of privileges, but of receiving your letter of the of an equality of rights. The 22nd of April, with the enclosure Sovereigns of Europe grant to of the Baron de Gagern, your certain classes of individuals cerrelative, and a copy of your tain privileges, which have some printed report: I hope, and in- object of political utility; but it deed entertain no doubt, that the is the general opinion here, that privileges privileges granted to one class of of this people, and perhaps still people are necessarily an injury more particularly in the indivito some other. duals of German origin who are “ Emigrants from Germany, born in this country. or from any other country, have “ This sentiment of superiority not on arriving here any favour over all other nations, which to expect from the governments; never leaves them, and which has but in case they should desire to been so very displeasing to fobecome citizens of the state, they reigners who have visited our may flatter themselves with en-shores, proceeds from the opinion joying the same rights as the entertained by each individual, natives of the country. If they that in quality of a member of possess property, they may society there is no person in this reckon upon finding the means of country superior to him. Proud increasing it with moderation, of this feeling, he regards with but with certainty ; if they are some haughtiness those nations poor, but laborious, honest, and among whom the mass of the know how to be satisfied with a people are regarded as subordilittle, they will succeed in gain- nate to certain privileged classes, ing enough to support themselves and where men are great or inand their families ; they will pass significant by the hazard of their an independent, but a laborious birth. But from this it also hapand painful life, and if they can- pens, that no government in the not accommodate themselves to world has so little means of bethe moral, political, and physical stowing favour as that of the state of this country, the Atlantic United States. The governments Ocean will always be open to are the servants of the people, them to return to their native and they are regarded as such by countries. They must bend their the people, who create and decharacters to necessity, or they pose them. will assuredly fail as Americans “ They are elected to admiin all their schemes of fortune; nister the public affairs for a they must throw off, as it were, short space of time, and when their European skin, never more the people are not satisfied with to resume it; they must direct them, they cease to maintain their thoughts rather forwards them in their functions. But if towards their posterity, than be the means of the government to hind them to their ancestors; do good are limited, the means they must persuade themselves of doing ill are limited also. Dethat whatever may be their own pendence here in the affairs of sentiments, those of their chil- government is precisely in the dren will assuredly approach inverse ratio of what takes place more to the habits of the coun- in Europe. The people here do try, and will catch something of not depend upon those that gothe haughtiness, perhaps a little vern them; but the latter, as contemptuousness, which they such, depend constantly upon the have themselves remarked with good will of the people. surprise in the general character “ We know very well that of VOL, LXI. [R] the the quantity of foreigners who Of the small number of emi- CHAPTER XVI. SOUTH AMERICA. ! Venezuela-Expedition of Morillo against Angustura defeated-Re- THE progress of that great disturbance from the mother political operation, the suc- country beyond the menace of cessive enfranchisement of the invasion by the mighty armament vast provinces of Spanish Ame- which so long a series of impedi. rica from the control of the ments has still detained within mother country, and their forma- the harbour of Cadiz. Monte tion into a cluster of separate but Video, and the surrounding disallied republics, continues to trict on the northern shore of the render this portion of the western Plata, are held by Artigas, an inhemisphere an object of profound dependent chieftain with whom attention to every people of the the authorities of Buenos Ayres civilized world. carry on by turns hostilities and On this ample scene, several negotiations. dis act centres of action are dis- The republic of Chili united in tinguishable, which it will be ex. a strict alliance with Buenos pedient slightly to indicate before Ayres, besides securing its own a more minute detail is attempted independence, has been enabled of the events of the year. to carry on offensive war against The city of Angustura on the Spain by sea; and it was with the river Orinoco, has become the fleet of Chili that lord Cochrane capital of the republic of Vene- has attacked Callao, and placed zuela, of which Simon Bolivar is for some time the whole coast of the president. It was against Peru in a state of blockade. this state exclusively that the Macgregor, by whom Portobello Spaniards were enabled to carry was surprised and plundered, is on military operations during said to be avowed by none of the 1819, and the campaign of gene- new republics, and can therefore ral Morillo against the patriots be regarded in no other light of Venezuela, with the progress than a free booter, and the same of the latter in the kingdom of may be said of the person styled New Granada, will form the most commodore Aury. We now reprominent feature of the ensuing turn to the principal seat of war, narrative. The United States of Venezuela.-Early in the spring, the river de la Plata, of which general Morillo the Spanish comBuenos Ayres may be termed mander-in-chief, quitted his head the soul, have experienced no quarters in the city of Caraccas [R 2] at |
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