The English Universities, Tập 2,Phần 1

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W. Pickering, 1843
 

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Resistance to the Reform on the part of the Puritans and of others
46
Pleas for the Puritans
49
Inflammatory proceedings of the Puritanical Party
52
Conclusion
54
Reflections on the temper and motives of the Oxford Majority
55
The CYCLE of the Proctors introduced at Oxford
56
General Statements concerning the new Caroline Statutes
57
A Public Examination becomes essential to the Degree at Oxford
59
Effects of the change
61
Partiality shown to the Studies in Arts
62
On the Studies in Law
63
Studies in Medicine
65
On the Courts of Jurisdiction of the Chancellor 458
68
Quality of the Intellectual Instruction imparted at both Universities
70
On Philosophy and the Sciences peculiarly Modern
73
On the UniversityStudies and Discipline during the Commonwealth 15
75
Some improvement in Theological Studies under the greater Freedom of the Commonwealth
77
General description of the Intellectual State of the Uni versities from the Restoration to the Revolution
79
Rise of the ROYAL SOCIETY at Oxford
82
CHAPTER X
85
First Division of the Chapter
87
ON THE EARLIER CONSTITUTION
88
ON THE BODY OF THE UNIVERSITY SECT 226 Its component parts and internal relations
89
Early preponderance of the Houses
91
Numerous points on which information is desired
93
Rights exercised by the Nations
95
On the modern Cambridge Examination for the B A Degree
97
Influence exerted by the Degree in Arts
99
On College Tuition and the Veto of the Head 462
102
Relative Position of the Higher Faculties
103
Causes of Academical Weakness in the Higher Faculties
107
Why Theology did not become incorporated as a Faculty
110
Working of the Mendicant Orders on the Universities especially of France and England
114
OFFICIAL PERSONAGES OF THE UNIVERSITY 235 The Chancellor
122
Later changes in the Chancellors Position
125
Duties of the later Chancellor
131
Deputies of the Chancellor
133
Proctors
134
Steward or Seneschal
136
Other Officers
137
Officers either paid or unpaid permanent or annual
139
University Teachers
140
Recapitulation
142
LATER CONSTITUTION OF THE UNIVER SITIES AFTER the rise of THE COLLEGES
144
Sources of the College Power
145
Power of the Head of the College
149
That a Board similar to the later Board of the Heads existed in rather early times
151
Inconsistencies in the Statutes
154
Attempts at Reform
157
On the Cycle of Proctors 475
158
Reaction favorable to the College System
159
SECT PAGE 251 Great Reform of the CAMBRIDGE Statutes in 1570
161
Power of the Heads of Houses at Cambridge
165
A Election of the Chancellor
166
B Functions and Election of the Vicechancellor
168
c Election of the Proctors
171
D The CAPUT
172
E General University Patronage
175
F University Professorships and other Scientific En dowments
177
OXFORD ADMINISTRATION 259 Reform of OXFORD Statutes
180
A Powers of the Boards of Heads at Oxford
182
B Election of the Vicechancellor at Oxford
183
c Changes during this period in the mode of electing the Proctors
185
The original basis of the Universities was rather moral than legal
203
Relation between the Universities and the Church their Protector
205
Compromises between Church and State for the benefit
207
Lawsuits of the Universities at Rome
214
On the Abolition of the Black Congregation 479
216
The Universities had neither Vote nor Seat in the Convocation of the Clergy 487
217
RELATION OF THE UNIVERSITIES TO THE CROWN
222
Recapitulation concerning the era of the rise of
225
Powers of the Pope and of the Archbishop over he Universities 488
226
versities
228
English Universities 87
232
G Digression concerning the Lawsuits in which
235
Relations of the Universities to the Parliament
241
The formal connexion between the Universities and
247
SECT PAGE 292 Rise of the Bachelors Degree
252
On the University Terms
253
On the ACT
254
Origin of Fees paid at the Degree
255
Progress of the System by the efforts of the Faculties and the Colleges and by the rise of Professorships
256
University Curriculum of the Seventeenth Century
257
On the Statutory Lectures
259
On the ACT
260
Extreme complication and barbarous technicality of the System
261
On the TERRE FILIUS
262
Conclusion
263
CHAPTER XI
264
First Division of the Chapter ON THE EXTERIOR ASPECT AND MATERIAL RESOURCES OF THE UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR COLLEGES 30...
266
General Description of Oxford
268
Description of Christ Church Oxford
272
The College Buildings in general
276
University Buildings
278
College Studies of the same Period
283
State of Cambridge after the Revolution
290
University Curriculum of the Eighteenth Century
294
Entire Neglect of the Studies connected with the Higher
302
On the comparative morality of English and German
309
Religious State of the Universities during the Eigh
315
Political Side of the Universities
322
The Universities as Doors of Entrance into Aristocratic
329
SECT PAGE 333 England was wholly without such Institutions as the Germans look for in Universities
334
given at the Universities
338
Exclusion of Dissidents from the English Universities
342
Recapitulation of the Eighteenth Century
345
Third Division of the Chapter ON THE UNIVERSITIES IN THE MOST RECENT TIMES 337 Remarks on their Unpopularity
348
Their Modern Reforms
349
Comparison of English and German Universities as to the Intellectual Results on the Students
356
Other Branches of Study than Classics and Mathematics
363
with Digression concerning German Pre tensions
368
Studies in the Faculties
373
Comparison of the Present and Past Century in the English Universities
378
Cries for University Reform
380
Defence of the Universities
381
Reforming Movements of a Minority within the Uni versities
385
On the Equity of State Interference with the Universities
387
General Remarks on the Action of Religious Antipa thies upon the Universities
390
Demand of the Abolition of the Test Oaths
392
Right and Duty of Selfpreservation attaching to a Corporation
395
What Legal Claims have Religious Dissidents on the Universities?
398
Whether the present Universities are themselves abso lutely unworthy to hold possession
401
What is really the Weak Point of the Universities
403
Grounds for Hope and absolute Necessity of a Religious
406
As long as the smallest Minority maintains even
414

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Trang 269 - Gothic church-towers and Romaic domes, it is true, break through the horizontal lines ; yet the general impression at a distance and at first sight, is essentially different from that of any of the towns of the middle ages. The outlines are far from being so sharp, so angular, so irregular, so fantastical ; a certain softness, a peculiar repose, reigns in those broader, terrace-like rising masses. Only in the creations of Claude Lorraine or Poussin could we expect to find a spot to compare with the...
Trang 270 - But the stately houses* of merchants, retailers, craftsmen and innkeepers with all their glitter and show, sink into a modest, and as it were, menial attitude by the side of the grandly severe memorials of the higher intellectual life; memorials which have been growing out of that life from almost the beginning of Christian civilization. They are as it were the domestic offices of these palaces of learning, which ever rivet the eye and mind of the observer, all beside seeming, perforce, to be subservient...
Trang 269 - Colleges, the University buildings, and the city churches ; and by the side of these the city itself is lost on distant view. But on entering the streets, we find around us all the signs of an active and prosperous trade. Rich and elegant shops in profusion afford a sight to be found nowhere but in England...
Trang 270 - Birmingham, would be ill adapted to the architectural and historical character of the place. Yet there is nothing herein to suggest the idea of poverty or decay. What strikes the eye as most peculiar, is, the contrast between the fashionable and varied dress of the more active and busy townspeople and the ancient, severe, and ample ecclesiastical costume of the " gownsmen," who may plainly enough be seen to be the ruling spirit of the place.
Trang 342 - With all his defects, foibles, and faults, the Old English Gentleman was one of the most striking and admirable forms of civilized national education in any period of time, or in any nation ; and it was, in fact, this race which ruled and represented England in the last period. To them she principally owes her power, her glory, and her importance ; and they were essentially the production of the University education, University studies, and University life of that period.
Trang 270 - Muses nothing but his previously finished produce, without forcing on the sense the thousand offensive consequences of its creation. The population, moreover, has a tranquil character, making it seem to be far less dense than in other flourishing English towns ; and, in fact, the noisy whirling streams of human creatures that hurry along the streets of London, Manchester, Liverpool, and Birmingham, would be ill-adapted to the architectural and historical character of the place.
Trang 271 - ... memorials which have been growing out of that life from almost the beginning of Christianity itself. Those rich and elegant shops are, as it were, the domestic offices of these palaces of learning, which ever rivet the eye of the observer, while all besides seems perforce to be subservient to them. Each of the larger and more ancient Colleges looks like a separate whole — an entire town, whose walls and monuments proclaim the vigorous growth of many centuries; and the town itself has happily...
Trang 95 - Glomerelli1 on the defendants' side, willing that, in this particular, the aforesaid master shall enjoy the same privilege as the other masters have with respect to their scholars in deciding their causes...
Trang 268 - In one of the most fertile districts of that Queen of the Seas, whom Nature has so richly blessed, whom for centuries past no footstep of foreign armies has desecrated, whose trident bears sway over a wider circle than ever did the sword of the ancient Mistress of the World, lies a broad green vale, where the Cherwell and the Isis mingle their full clear waters. Here and there primeval elms and oaks overshadow them ; while in their various windings they encircle gardens, meadows, and fields, villages,...
Trang 271 - Every where indeed wealth and rank are sure to meet with outward signs of respect; — no where more surely than in England, and from tradespeople of the middle classes. But perhaps in all the world it might be hard to find so many forms, evidently the stately representatives of the genius of the place,* as are the Fellows and Masters of the Colleges at an English University.

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