carried.-Bill brought in to indemnify Mr. Trotter in the House of Com

mons.-Debate upon it in the House of Lords.-Carried in both. Opposi

tion to the Duke of Athol's Bill in the House of Lords.-Ineffectual.-

Bill passed.—Mr. Windham moves for Copies of the Correspondence res-

pecting Captain Wright of the Vincenzo, now a Prisoner of War in

France.-Agreed to.--King's Speech.-Session concludes.

CHAP. XII.

107

History of Europe.-Preliminary Observations.-Animosity of the

French Emperor to England.-Exposition of the Affairs of that Country.

-Overture of Peace made by Bonaparte to the British Government.—

Reply thereto.-Anger of Bonaparte.-Manifestos against the Conduct

of England.-Comments of the French Government.-Great apparent

Exertions made by France for the Invasion of England State of the

Flotilla at Boulogne-And of the Army destined for that Purpose.—

Activity of the Combined French and Spanish Navy.-Farther Views of

Aggrandizement of Bonaparte.-Journey to Italy.-Crowned King of

Italy at Milan-And annexes Genoa to the French Empire.-Returns to

Paris.-Reviews his Army at Boulogne.-Dissatisfaction of the Indepen-

dent Powers of Europe.-Treaty between Great Britain and Russia.—

Object and Conditions thereof.-Accedence of Austria and Sweden.—

Fruitless Attempt of the Allied Powers to negociate with France.—An-

nexation of Genoa to the French Empire.-Remonstrance of the Court of

Vienna thereon.Reply of the French Government-Which remonstrates

in its tarn. Declaration of the Russian Minister at Vienna.—Strongly in-

dicative of approaching Hostilities.-Second and stronger Remonstrance of

Vienna against the French Encroachments.-Immediate Change in the Mea-

sures of France. —Abandonment of her Project of invading Great Bri-

tain-And Preparations, by Bonaparte, to attack the allied Powers.-

French Note to the Diet of Ratishon.-Reply of Austria.—War inevi-

table.-Preparations therefor.-Injudicious Conduct of Austria towards

Bavaria.-Bonaparte addresses his Senate previously to his joining the

Army. Decree in Consequence.- Bonaparte leaves Paris, and puts him-

self at the Head of his Troops.

CHAP. XIII.

130

History of Europe continued.--Route of the different Corps of the French

Army to the Scene of Action-of Bernadotte-Marmont-Daroust-Soult

-Ney-Lannes-and of Murat, with the Reserve-Passage of the

Rhine by the French Artillery.-Proclamation of the French Emperor-

and Address to his Army-which he joins at Kehl.-Receives the Com-

pliments of the Electors of Baden and Wirtemburg.—Junction of the French

and Bavarians.-March for the Danube.-General Position of the French

3 Z4

Army

Army. Strength of the Austrian Force.-Precautions taken to prevent
the Advance of the French Troops-useless-and why-Bridge over the
Danube, at Donawert, forced by the French.-Communication cut off, by
the latter, between Ulm and Augsburgh.—Action at Wertingen-disas-
trous to the Austrians.-French take Possession of Augsburgh—and drive
the Austrians from Adicha.-Universal Advance of the French Army-and
Position. Bonaparte reviews his Troops, and distributes military Re-
wards and Honours for the Affair of Wertingen.-Danube passed by the
right Wing of the French at Guntzburgh-and the Bridges on the River
taken Possession of between that Place and Leipheim. ---Brave Defence of
Prince Ferdinand-but forced to retreat to Ulm-Loss thereon.-Pas-
sage of the Danube by the Centre and Left of the French Army-and of
the Lech-Masterly Manouvres of Bonaparte separate General Mack
from Vienna.-Bernadotte commands the Inn, and Bonaparte marches
against Ulm.-Straitened Position of General Mack and the Austrian
Force at Ulm.-The Entrenchments without the City carried by the French.
-Memmingen surrounded and taken by Marshal Soult.-Prince Ferdi-
nand retreats from Biberach to Ulm.-Ulm totally cut off-and in-
rested by the French.-Brace Attempt of Prince Ferdinand to cut his
Way from Ulm into Bohemia.-Pursued by Prince Murat and Marshal
Lannes. Overtaken at Nordlingen.-General Werneck and twelve thou-
sand Austrians lay down their Arms.-Good Conduct of Prince Ferdinand.—
severe Loss-but makes good his Retreat with Part of his Corps-Despe-
rate Situation of Mack in Ulm.-Errors of that General.-Bonaparte
prepares to storm Ulm.-Harangues his Army.-Summonses General
Mack.-Terms-agreed to.-Strange and unaccountable Conduct of Ge-
neral Mack. He and the whole Austrian Army surrender themselves Pri-
soners of War.-Insolent Triumph of Bonaparte on that Occasion.-Con-
siderations on this disastrous Event.-Rewards bestowed by Bonaparte upon
his Army and Generals.—Austrian Prisoners sent off to France—and the
Fortifications of Ulm and Memmingen demolished.-Bonaparte proceeds
by Augsburgh to Munich, where he is received with the greatest Honours.
-Movement of the whole French Army towards the Inn.-Disposition
thereof.-Passage of the Inn.-United Austrian and Russian Army re-
tire upon Vienna.-Efforts made to defend that City.—Brannau taken,
and occupied by the French Army.-Bernadotte marches to Saltsburgh,
and defeats an Austrian Corps.—Successes of the French main Army under
Prince Murat.-Lintz taken.-French cross the Traun and the Ens.-In-
effectual Attempt of the Russians to impede the Progress of the French
Arms.-Austrian Proposition for an Armistice-rejected-and why.-Af-
fair of Neustadt.-Austrians defeated.-Vienna totally exposed to the
French-and sends a Deputation to Bonaparte to sue for Mercy.-Re-
treat of the Emperor of Austria to Brunn.-Vienna taken Possession of by
the French without Opposition.-The Danube crossed at Vienna by the
French Army, and the allied Austrians and Russians pursued into Mora-
via-Bonaparte enters Vienna.-Partial Success of the Russians over
General Mortier.-The Court of Austria retreats from Brunn to Olmutz-
Continued Successes and Advances of the French Army.-Russians defeat-

ed at Guntersdorf.-Head Quarters of the French advanced to Znaim→→

and Brunn taken Possession of'.---Bonaparte enters Brunn.-Austrian and

Russian Army take a Position between Brunn and Olmutz.--Russians re-

inforced-Probability of a general Battle.

CHAP. XIV.

145

Position of the French and Austrian Armies in Italy.-In the Tyrol.-Of
the Allies at Corfu and Malta—and in the North of Germany.-General
Massena passes the Adige in the Face of the Austrian Army under the
Archduke Charles. --Repulsed.-Force of both Armies.--French at length
succeed.-Inactivity of both Armies.—Intelligence of the Austrians' Sur-
render at Ulm reaches Italy -Massena's Movements thereon.-Battle of
Caldiero.-Disastrous to the Austrians.—Further Misfortunes.-Retreat
of the Austrian Army, with the Intention of succouring Vienna.-Pursued
by the French, reinforced by General St. Cyr.-Consequences thereof.-
French capture Vicenza.-The Brenta crossed by both Armies.-Passage
of the Tagliamento.—Continued Retreat of the Austrians.-Pause of Mas-
sena—and why.-Affairs of the Tyrol.-The Army, destined for its De-
fence, obliged to surrender.-Successes of the Bavarians in that Quarter.
-Inspruck taken by the French.-The Archduke John effects a Junction

with his Brother, Prince Charles, in Carniola.—The Tyrol totally evacu-

aled by the Austrians.-Attempt of Marshal Davoust to negociate for the

Neutrality of Hungary-ineffectual.-State of the grand Armies in Mo-

ravia.-Ineffectual Attempt at Negociation. The Emperor of Russia

joins his Army.-Complimented by Bonaparte. -Diplomatic Proceedings.

--Dissimulation of the French Emperor-which gains Time.-The Allies

determine to attack the French Army-Dispositions for the Attack-of the

allied Army-ind of the French.Address of Bonaparte to his Army.-

Battle of Austerlitz.-Various Fortune of the Day.-Finally disastrous to

the allied Army-which loses its Artillery and Baggage. The French

Army take up the late Position of the allied Army.-Loss on both Sides.—

Advance of the French Army Austrians solicit an Armistice.-Interview

between Bonaparte and the Emperor Francis.-Suspension of Hostilities

agreed upon.-Terms thereof.-Most humiliating to the Austrians.-The

Emperor of Russia refuses to be a Party thereto-and commences the Re-

treat of his Army from the Austrian States -State of the detached Aus-

trian Armies at this Moment of that of Prince Ferdinand--and of the

Archduke Charls.-Reflections upon this unfortunate Measure.

CHAP. XV..

161

Condition of France at the Close of the Campaign Probable Views and Ob-

jects of Bonaparte.-State of Austria-Of Russia.-Conduct of Prus-

sia during the War-Inactivity and probable Misfortunes.-Magnani-

mity of Sweden.-Ineffectual Campaign in the North of Europe.-

Causes thereof-Denmark-Spain-Italy.-Turkey.-General Obser-

rations.

180

CHAP.

CHAP. XVI.

Affairs of India.-Retrospect.-Character of Holkar.-His refractory and

contumacious Behaviour.-Hostile Views towards the British Government

-Acts of Aggression on his Part-Meditated Treachery-Secret Intrigues

with Scindiah-Discovered.-Pacific Overtures made to him-Unaccepted,

and why.-Actual Hostilities commenced by him.-The Jeynaghur Territo-

ry plundered.-Moderation of the Governor-General towards Holkar

throughout the Whole of this Period.-Nuture and Conditions of the

Treaty proposed to the latter.-His extravagant Demands in Consequence

-Totally rejected. Holkar refuses to withdraw his Forces.-Fresh Pro-

positions of Peace.-Insolent Letter of Holkar to Major-General Wellesley.

-Impossibility of conciliatory Measures being continued—and War re-

solved upon.-General View of the mild and lenient Conduct of the Governor-

General in these Proceedings-and its probable Effect upon the native

Princes of India.-Disposition of the British Forces in India at the Com-

mencement of the War with Holkar.
196

CHAP. XVII.

Affairs of India Continued.-Disposition of the British Force.-Outline of

the Campaign against Holkar.-Reduction of the Fortress of Chandore,

by General Wellesley.-Able Conduct of Lord Lake.-Signal Victory

gained by General Fraser.-His Death-And Eulogy.-Extraordinary

rapid Movements of the Force under Lord Lake.-Surprise of the whole of

the Enemy's Cavalry, under Holkar himself—And complete Victory over

them.-Destruction of Holkar's Force-And his difficult Escape.-Un-

expected Protraction of the War.-Treachery of the Rajah of Bhurtpore.

-His Defection from the Company-Unexpected, and why.-His open

Union with Holkar-To whom he becomes the sole Support.-Continued

Operations of Lord Lake-Whose brilliant Victories are, at length,

crowned with entire Success.-Reduction of Holkar-And Submission of

the Rajah of Bhurtpore.-Reflections upon the military Operations of the

Campaign.-Heoric Conduct of the British Commanding Officers and

Army-To which Efficiency is given by the able Government of the Mar-

quis Wellesley-Result of these Operations-And their future probable

Consequences-With respect to India-And to Great Britain.-General

Conclusion.-State of the Company's Alliances in India.-Highly satisfac-

tory-And owing to what Causes.-Return of the Marquis Wellesley to

Europe-Some Observations thereon-And upon the Appointment of his

Successor as Governor General.-Real State of that Transaction.--Un-

founded Assertions respecting the recall of the Marquis Wellesley.-Motives

for his protracted Return.-Highly honourable to his Lordship.—Hosti-

lity of the Court of Directors, manifested about this Period, to the Marquis

Wellesley's Administration.-Arrival of the Marquis Cornwallis in India

-And Departure of the Marquis Wellesley for Europe.-Address of the

Inhabitants of Calcutta to the latter.-Misrepresentations upon that

Subject, rectified.-General View of the State of the British Indian Empire,

at the Period of the Marquis Wellesley's Departure.-Its flourishing Con-

dition to be ascribed solely to the wise and able Government of that Noble-

man.-The Subject concluded.

236

1

CHAP. XVIII.'

Domestic Events.-Difficult Circumstances of Mr. Pitt's Administration.
-Its Weakness.-Formidable Opposition thereto.-Of whom composed.
-Necessity of strengthening itself.-Means adopted for that Purpose.
-inefficacious, and why.-Mr. Addington raised to the Peerage-And
appointed President of the Council in the Room of the Duke of Portland.
Age and Infirmity of the latter, oblige him to retire from Public
Business-Increasing Difficulties of the Ministry-Charges preferred
against Viscount Melville.-Votes of the House of Commons thereon.—
Final Decision for the Impeachment of Lord Melville.-The Adherents of
Lord Sidmouth, support these Proceedings.-Lord Sidmouth resigns.
-New Arrangements in Administration-Its increasing Weakness.-
Lord Melville resigns, and is succeeded by Sir Charles Middleton.—
Excellent Naval Administration of the former.-The latter created Lord
Barham.-Bad Health of Mr. Pitt.-Precipitancy of his Measures, in
inducing Austria to open the Campaign on the Continent.-Its fatal Effect
on the Affairs of Europe-and on the Health of Mr. Pitt-whose Life
is in Danger.-Naval Events of the Year.-Spanish War popular in the
Navy.-Why.--Failure of the Catamaran System-Which sinks into
Contempt and Disuse.-Ġallant Action in the East Indies.-Admiral
Linois beaten by a far inferior Force.-Gallant Exploit of two small
Vessels in the Mediterranean.-Situation of the Navy much improved.-
Causes thereof.-Project undertaken of making the Harbour of Fal-
mouth a Naval Arsenal.-Absurd, and abandoned.-Extraordinary
Efforts of the combined French and Spanish Fleets-Which escape the
British blockading Squadrons--and sail for the West Indies on a pre-
datory Cruize.-Capture of the Ville de Milan French Frigate.-Gallant
Conduct of Sir Robert Laurie-And Generosity of Captain Talbot-
Attack of the Island of Dominica by the French.-Steady Conduct of
the Governor and Troops-saves the Island.-Shameful Rapacity of the
French. Their Cowardice and precipitate Flight over the Atlantic,
before an inferior Force under Lord Nelson.-Action with the British
Squadron under Sir Robert Calder.-French Lose two Ships of the Line

And succeed in retreating to Cadiz.-Observations on the Conduct of
the English Admiral.-His subsequent Trial and Sentence.-The
French Admiral Villeneuve with thirty three Ships of the Line put to
Sea from Cadiz.-Fought by the British Fleet, of a much inferior Force,
under Lord Nelson.-Glorious Victory of Trafalgar achieved by the
latter. Further Success of Sir Richard Strachan, who captures
four more Ships of the Line.-Death of Lord Nelson.-His Eulogy.-
Disastrous Fate of the captured French and Spanish Ships.-Diffi
cult Situation of Admiral Collingwood and his Fleet.-General Ob-
servations and Conclusion.

213

CHRONICLE.