ABBEYS, dissolution of, page 294. Abercrombie, sir Ralph, loses his life Egypt, 755.
{Alexandria is stormed by the French, 743; they sustain a defeat near the town, and are dispossessed of the place by the En- inglish, 755; it is again taken, 789, but soon abandoned.
Abhorrers, friends of the court, 478. Aboukir, a scene of British triumph, 744,
Ally, Hyder, harasses the English in the East Indies, 705, 715; his death, 716.
Khan, obtains by perfidy the vice- royalty of Bengal, 632. Alliawe, triple, 463; quadruple, 575; of the house of Bourbon, 633; between the French and the Americans, 680; of Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Swe- den against France, 764; a new Anti- Gallican league, 814; between Great Britain and Sweden, 816; another grand alliance against the French, 816; won- derful success of the allies, 825, 828. Almanza, battle of, 533. Almeida surrendered, 801. Alnwick, battle of, 103. America discovered, 272; colonised in part by the English, 371, 396.
Alfred the Great, account of, 28; he is incessantly molested by the Danes, 29; driven into concealment, 30; is enabled Acre, three sieges of, 111, 151, 753. by 'victory to resume the functions of Acts of parliament-one for the capital royalty, 31; improves the state of the punishment of heretics, 216; one for country and the minds of his people, 32; the alienation of baronial estates, 268; his character, 33. against the practice of keeping a multi- Algiers, bombardment of, 834. tude of dependents, 269; against punish-Alkmaar taken by the duke of York, 752; ing the assistants of the king for the evacuated, ib. time being, 270; act of the six articles, or the bloody statute, 295; various acts of religious reform, 313, 316, 340; laws against catholics, 354; petition of right, 390; act against the continuance of the high-commission court and star-cham- ber, 401; one for uniformity in religion, 457; for a test, 466; habeas corpus act, 476; bill of rights, 505; act of toleration, 506; one for triennial parliaments, 516; for regulating trials in cases of treason, ib.; for an union with Scotland, 537; against riots, 566; septennial act, 574; one for preventing clandestine marriages, 616; one for imposing stamp-duties on the Americans, 650; one for regulating contested elections, 653; one for re- stricting the royal family in point of marriage, 656; one for a reform in Brit-Americans oppose the stamp-act, 651; ish India, 657; for the administration of Canada, 659; a new act for the gov- ernment of India, 703; an important declaratory act, 724; two bills of an ar- bitrary complexion, 737; for a legisla- tive incorporation with Ireland, 755; for the abolition of the slave trade, 774; for a regency, 802. Addington, Henry, admistration of, 756. Aghrim, battle of, 512. Agricola, exploits of, 9. Aix-la-Chapelle, peace of, 613.
Alban's St., two battles near, 237, 239. Alexander, emperor of Russia, makes peace with Great Britain, 757; forms an alli- ance with our court against France, 764; joins his troops to those of Austria, 765; but without effect, ib.; in another war he is also unfortunate, 785; is exposed to a dangerous invasion, 807, repels the enemy, 809; invades France with suc- cess, 823; visits England, 824; settles the affairs of Europe in the congress of Vienna, 825.
break out into commotions at Boston, 658; hold a general congress, 660; are involved in war, 665; declare the pro- vinces independent, 669; obtain peace and emancipation, 700, 719; the United States enter into a war with Great Britain, 812; agree to a peace, 830. Amiens, peace of, 757. André, major, case of, 689.
Anjou, Margaret of, a fierce champion of the Lancastrian party, 237, 239, &c. Anne, queen, enters into a war with France, 522; her troops obtain frequent victories, 528, 531, 543, 544; her sea- men also triumph, 524, 529; she effects a legislative union with Scotland, 537; changes her ministry, 547; makes peace, 556; her death and character, 559. Anson, a gallant admiral, 593. Ardres, splendid congress near, 280. Argyle, Archibald earl of, takes up arms against James II., 488; is put to death, ib. John duke of, engages the Scot- tish rebels, 569.
Arlington, earl of, one of the cabal, 463, Bolingbroke, lord, character of, 558; he is outlawed, 566; pardoned, 581. Bonaparte, Napoleon, invades Italy with
Armada, the Spanish, 362.
Arragon, Catharine of, is divorced in de-a French army, 738; meets with success fiance of the pope, 290.
Arras, league of, 224.
Arthur, the hero of Britain, 17.
duke of Bretagne, melancholy fate of, 120.
Arts and sciences, cultivation of, 25, 371, 384.
Arundel, Humphry, the leader of a rebel army, 318.
Ascalon, battle of, 111. Assassins, in Syria, 151.
Athelstan, a respectable prince, 34. Athlone, taken by general Ginckel, 512. Atterbury, bishop, banishment of, 580. Audley, lord, execution of, 265. Augustine converts the English to Chris- tianity, 20.
Austerlitz, battle of, 767. Azincourt, battle of, 222.
in the Austrian dominions, ib.; is victo- rious in Egypt, 753; invades Syria, ib.; seizes the sovereignty of France, 760; makes overtures of peace to the British court, 761; concludes the treaty of Ami- ens, 757; prosecutes an arbitrary career, 759, 764; is involved in a new war with Great Britain, 759; title of emperor, 760; addresses a pacific letter to his Britannic majesty, 761; a new war with Austria, 764; intimidates the emperor into a pacification, 754; procures the crown of Naples for his brother Joseph, 776; invades Russia, 807; retreats with disgrace, 809; is assailed by a formidable league, 814; escapes with difficulty from Leipsic, 818; is dispossessed of his cap- ital, and deposed, 824; sent to Elba as sovereign of the island ib.; quits his re- treat, and invades France, 826; resumes his power, 827; is defeated at Waterloo, 828; again dethroned, 830; surrenders to the English, ib.; by whom he is sent to St. Helena, ib.
Bonaparte, Lucien, taken, 802. Bonne, reduction of, 525.
Bonner, bishop, cruelties of, 333. Borodino, battle of, 808.
Bosworth, battle of, 255.
Baliol, John and Edward, kings of Scot- Bothwell, earl of, favourite of queen Mary
land, 158, 183.
Balmerino, lord, fate of, 610. Bannockburn, battle of, 174.
Barcelona reduced by the English, 531. Bards, massacre of the Welsh, 156. Barnet, battle of, 243.
Barons, render themselves formidable, 93; enter into a confederacy against John, 127; against his son, 143; against Ed- ward II., 172; and Richard II., 203; they are repressed by the seventh Henry,
Boyne, the river, a memorable scene of action, 510.
Braddock, general, defeat of, 620. Breda, peace of, 462. Bretigni, peace of, 196. Britain, origin of the name of, 1; its early state, manners, customs, arts, and gov. ernment, of the people, 2, 3; the Ro- mans subdue a great part of the island, 9; the Saxons invade the country with success, 16. See England.
Bruce, or de Brus, Robert, assumes the sovereignty in Scotland, 168; obtains a signal victory over the English, 175.
David, is defeated and captured,
192. Bubble, South-Sea, 572. Buckingham, Stafford, duke of, the abettor of Richard III.'s usurpation, 250; put to death by the tyrant, 253.
Villiers, duke of, the fa- vourite of James and Charles L., 379,
Bill for the exclusion of the catholic 386; falls by the hand of an assassin,
Blake, admiral, exploits of, 439, 443. Blenheim, success of the allies at, 528. Blore-heath, battle of, 237. Boadicea, a British heroine, 8. Boleyn, Anne, falls a victim to the cruelty of a tyrannical husband, 297; her ad- mired letter to Henry, ib.
Character of the next duke, 464. Buenos-Ayres, reduction of, 776; it is re- covered by the Spaniards, 782; re-at- tacked in vain, 790.
Bunker's-hill, battle of, 667. Burdett, sir Francis, imprisonment of, 800. Burgh, Hubert de, a justiciary and min- ister, 137.
of Strafford and archbishop Laud, ib; vio- lates the constitution, 395; takes up arms for the chastisement of Scottish male-con- tents, 398; convokes the long parliament, 400; finds the torrent running strongly against him, 403; accuses his chief op- posers of high-treason, 408; is stripped of almost all his privileges, 409; erects his standard at Nottingham, 412; has a drawn battle with the forces of the par- liament, 413; is ruined in the field of Naseby, 419; tried by an extraordinary commission, 429; brought to the block, 432. His character, ib. Charles II., wonderful escape of, 438; his restoration, 454; his character, 455; he
Cabal, a set of unprincipled ministers, 463. disgusts his subjects, 458; rushes into a Cade, rebellion and death of, 236. Cadiz, attempt upon, 386.
Caesar, Julius, attacks the Britons, with- out subduing them, 4, 5. Cairo, Grand, taken by the French, 743; by the English, 755.
Calais, sieges of, 190, 337.
war with the states-general, 459; agrees to a prudent alliance, 463; forms an im- politic one, 464; promotes the peace of Nimeguen, 467; is perplexed with a pretended popish plot, 468; suffers many Romanists to be sacrificed to the rage of the people, 474, 475; agrees to a bill in
Calcutta, siege of, 631; a scene of horri- favour of liberty, 476; dissolves an in-
ble cruelty, ib.
Camden, battle of, 687.
Canada, conquest of, 640. Candy subdued, 830.
Cannon, first used by the English at the battle of Crecy, 188.
Canute obtains the English crown, 43; acts as a wise prince, 44; anecdote of him, ib.
Cape-Breton, seized by the English, 637. Caractacus, a brave defender of his coun- try, 7.
Carre, Robert, an unworthy favourite, 377; he promotes the murder of Over- bury, 378.
Carteret, lord, an ambitious statesman,
Carthagena, fruitless attempt upon, 594. Cary, lord Falkland, premature death of,
Cassibelaunus, a British general, 4. Castles, multiplication of, in England, 81. Catesby, the projector of the gun-powder plot, 374.
Catholics rage against the protestants, 332, 405; they are persecuted, 354, 474; favoured with concessions, 690; fruitless attempts for their complete gratification, 789, 820, 839.
Cerdic, the West-Saxon king, 17. Charles I., when prince of Wales, under- takes a romantic journey to Spain, 382; is popular at his accession, 385; orders expeditions to Spain and France, 386, 389; is involved in a serious contest with the commons, ib.; enacts at their desire the petition of right, 390; abruptly puts an end to their debates, 391; is assailed by a strong and acrimonious remon- strance, ib.; loses his popularity, 393; concludes peace, ih.; is misled by the earl
compliant parliament, 478; puts an end to the meeting of one which he had con- voked at Oxford, 480; erects a new spe- cies of monarchy, 481; detects a con- spiracy, 483; dies in the catholic per- suasion, 486.
Edward, the pretender, has a very narrow escape, 610.
Charles-town, reduction of, 686. Charter, the great (Magna Charta), sub- stance of, 130; its final establishment,
Charlotte, princess, marriage, 832; death, 838.
Chatham, earl of, 680. Chivalry, effect of, 198.
Christianity is established in Britain, 20. Cintra, convention of, 796. Claudius, the Roman emperor, subdues a considerable part of Britain, 6. Clergy, power and influence of the En- glish, 54, 93; their cruelty, 216; their state and character, 256; they are hum- bled by Henry VII., 269; and by George I., 562.
Clinton, sir Henry, acts as commander-in- chief in America, 667, 683, &c. Clive, a fortunate warrior, 632. Closter-Seven, treaty of, 628. Coalition between Mr. Fox and lord North, 717.
Cobham, lord, an object of ecclesiastical cruelty, 219.
Commercial embarrassments, 603, 831. Commons, first confirmed outline of the house of, 147; established, 161. Commonwealth, formed in Great Britain and Ireland, 433; it is absorbed in a protectorate, 442; restored, 448; abol- ished, 453.
Compact, the family, 646.
Company, the India, misconduct of, 703. Constitution, the Anglo-Saxon, sketch of, 53; it is altered by the Normans, 54, 59; improved by Henry II., 91, 101; by the barons in the reign of John, 130; by Edward I., 170; by Henry VII., 268; but more particularly at the Revo- lution, 505.
Constitutions of Clarendon, 91; of Oxford,
Copenhagen, sea-fight near, 756; it is taken by the English, 792.
Cornwallis, lord, an able general, 687; he is unfortunate, 697; humbles Tippoo, 750; his death, 772. Corporations, rise of, 147. Covenant of Scotland, 397.
Dettingen, battle of, 601. Digby, a catholic conspirator, 375. Dissenters, great alarm among, 802. Dogger-Bank, a scene of conflict, 708. Domesday-book, a curious record, 63. Dominica, reduction of, 646. Douglas, sir Archibald, defeats Baliol, the Drake, the circumnavigator, harasses the Scottish king, 183. Dresden, battle near, 817. Spaniards, 353. Druids, account of, 3.
bitrary minister, 319; a rebel against Dudley, duke of Northumberland, an ar- Dumblain, battle of, 569. Mary, 326.
Duncan, a victorious admiral, 740. Dunbar, battles near, 159, 435. Dunkirk, delivered up to Cromwell, 443; sold by Charles II., 458; besieged by Frederic duke of York, 733; abandoned ib.
Cranmer, the primate, account of, 288; he Dunning, John, an able speaker, elevated
is condemned to the flames, 334.
Crecy, battle of, 189.
Cromwell, earl of Essex, is sacrificed to the caprice of a tyrant, 304.
Oliver, account of, 422; he over-awes the commons, 423; defeats the duke of Hamilton, 427; directs all the proceedings against the king's liberty and life, 428, &c.; attacks the royalists and the catholics in Ireland, 435; per- petrates a cruel massacre at Drogheda, ib.; invades North Britain, ib.; routs the Scots at Dunbar, 436; gains the bat- tle of Worcester, ib.; crushes the new republic, 440; obtains full sovereignty as protector, 442; grants peace to the Dutch, 443; weakens the maritime and colonial power of Spain, ih.; is harassed with severe inquietude, 446; dies, 447. "" Richard a transient protector, 447.
Crusade, the first, 69; two others, 111,
Culloden, battle of, 608.
Dunstan, an intriguing and ambitious
Durham, battle near, 192.
Economy, Burke's celebrated plan of, 702. Edgar, a fortunate monarch, 38.
throne, 55, 58. Atheling, is excluded from the
Edge-hill, battle of, 413. Edmund I. and II. are murdered, 35, 43. Edred, a brave but superstitious prince,
Edward the elder, a warlike monarch, 31.
the Martyr, short reign of, 40. the Confessor, government of, 45. and policy, 143, 148, 149; is wounded I. acquires high fame for courage in Palestine, 152; corrects the disorders ereign of Wales, 156; massacres the of the administration, 153; becomes sov- bards, ib.; invades Scotland, 159; con- quers that kingdom, ib. 167; opposes the
Cyprus, isle of, reduced by the first Rich- French, 161; gives a full sanction to ard, 111.
Danby, the earl of, is impeached, 475; but is screened by the king, 476. Danes invade England, 26; reduce the greater part of the kingdom, 42; are in- corporated with the English, 46. Dangerfield, plot of, 477.
Dardanelles, forced by the English, 787. Darnley, lord, character of, 342; account of his death, 345.
David, a Welsh prince, fate of, 156. Denain, action at, 554.
Derwentwater, the earl of, supports the pretender, 570; is punished with death,
Despard, conspiracy of, 758.
Magna Charta, 163; dies in the midst of a new war with the Scots, 170; sur- Edward II. unfit to govern a spirited na- vey of his reign, ib. ite, ib.; is obliged to resign his authority, tion, 171; encourages a Gascon favour- in effect, to twelve of his nobles, 172; is defeated by the Scottish king, 174; sup- presses a rebellion, 176; finds an enemy midable insurrection, 178; deposed, 179: in his queen, 177; is assailed by a for- and put to death with circumstances of peculiar barbarity, 180.
ders her paramour to be hanged, 182; III. imprisons his mother, and or. defeats the Scots, 183; asserts his claim to the crown of France, 185; prospers both by sea andland, ib. ; obtains a mem-
Ethribald and Ethelbert, joint kings of En- gland, 28.
orable victory at Crecy, 189; and de- Erskine, appointed lord chancellor, 773. prives the French of Calais, 191. His Essex, character of the earl of, 364; his queen takes the king of Scotland pris- death, 369. oner, 193; and his son the Black Prince, routs the French near Poictiers, and captures their sovereign, 194; the prince is also victorious in Castile, 197. The king meets with a reverse of fortune, ib.; he loses his son, 198; characters of both princes, ib.
IV. places himself on the throne, 240; triumphs at Towton, ib.; but is afterwards obliged to quit the kingdom, 242; returns to victory and vengeance, 243; invades France, 246; murders the duke of Clarence, ib.
V. is secretly put to death, 251. VI. a young reformer, 313; is de- luded into cruelty, 316; is harassed by
commotions, 313; sacrifices his two uncles, 316, 322.
Edwin the Northumbrian, 21. Edwy, an unfortunate king, 36. Egbert unites the seven Anglo-Saxon king- doms, 25; is harassed by the Danes, triumphs over those barbarians, 26. Egypt is invaded by the French, 743; re- volutionised, ib.; restored by the En- glish to its former government, 755. Elgiva, Elfleda, and Elfrida, stories of, 37,
Ethelbert, king of Kent, an able and for- tunate prince, 20.
Ethelred, a spirited monarch, 28; another prince of that name, 40. Ethelwolf, a weak prince, 27. Evesham, battle of 148. Eugene, of Savoy, an able general, 526. Eylau, battle of, 783.
Fairfax, lord, a tool of Cromwell, 422. Falkirk, battles near, 166, 608. glish, to avoid a war, 654. Falkland islands, abandoned by the En-
Feudal Law, introduction and establish- ment of, 59.
Flodden, rout of the Scots at, 277. Fox, Charles, heads the opposition, 670; Fontenoy, battle of, 603. is admitted into power, 711; resigns his ford North, 717; is discarded for his post, 716; recovers it by an union with India bill, 724; regains ministerial power, 773. His death, 778. France, extraordinary revolution in, 732, rapid success of the French arms, 734, &c.; subversion of the monarchy, ib. ; &c.; invasion of the country by the al- lies, 821, 829.
Francis, the emperor, wars against France, 732, 753, 764.
Elizabeth with difficulty escapes the per- secuting rage of her sister, 338; mounts the throne with general applause, 339; completes the reformation, 340; aims at the humiliation of the Scottish queen, 342; acts in the most artful manner du- ring the commotions of Scotland, 346; promotes divisions on pretence of arbi- tration, ib.; amuses Mary, when a pris- oner in England, with hopes of friendly protection, 349; puts to death the chief friend of that princess, 351; interferes in the religious disturbances of France, 352; governs in general with ability Frederic, duke of York, acts as a warrior, and wisdom, ib.; wages war against the 733, 752. Spaniards, 353; harasses the Romanists Fund, sinking, 724. Friedland, battle of, 783.
for their aversion to her sway, 354; pre- tends to dread the attempts of the parti- sans of Mary, ib.; brings herrival to a pub-
Franklin, Benjamin, one of the leaders of the Americans, 664. Frederic, king of Prussia, conquers the Silesian province, 599; is unfortunate at Kolin, 628; but is victorious at Ros- bach and Breslau, 641; visits England,
lic trial, 357; confirms the sentence pro- Gage, general, attacks the Americans, 665. nounced against her, 358; and sacrifices Game-Act, an arbitrary law, 617. an unfortunate queen to her vengeance, Gardiner, bishop, a persecuting bigot, 332. 361. The war with Spain continues, Garter, the most honourable English order 362; the formidable attempts of Philip are baffled, 363; and the pre-eminence of the English navy is established, 364. The queen favours the earl of Essex, ib.; and employs him against the Irish rebels, 365; but condemns him to death for a mere show of insurrection, 369. She bitterly laments his fate, ib. Her death and character, 370. Eltham, battle near, 265. England, origin of the kingdom, 25.
Gascoigne, judge, noble behaviour of, 217. Gates, an able American general, 668. Gaveston, a court-favourite, is put to death by malecontent barons, 174. Gaunt, John of, an experienced statesman, 199.
George I. supersedes the pretender, 560; his character, ib; he finds the people in commotion, 561; issues a very extraor dinary procla matin, 563; enacts a se-
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