rations which were haftened in Octo-
ber 1776, and the dispute between go-
vernment and the city of London,
with respect to preffing men in the
city, [28]-the military operations of
the British forces in the fouthern colo-
nies of North America, particularly
upon the Delaware, in the fummer of
1777, and the iffue of that campaign,
which afforded much room for the
moft ferious reflection; for although
the British arms were crowned with
the moft brilliant fuccefs, and two
very confider ble victories were ob-
tained, yet with all this tide of fuccefs,
all the fruit derived from our victories,
at the close of the campaign, amounted
to no more than simply a good winter
lodging for our army in the city of
Philadelphia; this gave occafion to
much uneafinefs in England, fince it
appeared from hence that victory and
defeat, in the country of America,
were nearly productive of the fame
confequences to the Engli, [113.
141] a narrative defcribing the fe-
veral particulars of the expedition of
general Burgoyne to Ticonderoga, the
fuccefs which attended it, the retreat
of the rebel army to Saratoga, and the
general terror which was excited in the
colonies of New England by the lofs
of Ticonderoga, [141. 155]-the
ftate and progrefs of the British army
previous to the unfortunate convention
at Saratoga, with an account of the
principal articles of the convention,
[155. 176*]-fome remarks on the
confident hopes of fuccefs in England,
with which the northern campaign was
at first undertaken, and the cenfure
which was afterwards thrown on the
general conduct of the war after this
defeat at Saratoga, [176*]-the re-
monitrance which was made by this
court to the court of France, and to
the Hague, refpecting the affiftance
(afforded to the Americans in 1776
and 1777, by their fubjects trading
with them) and giving them to un-
derftand that the fhips of any power
fo trading with the Americans would
be made prizes of, [187]-the state
of the prizes and recaptures made in
America between the 27th of May
and the 24th of October, 1777, as
figned by lord, Howe, [212]-The in-
active state of the public attention to
national affairs at that part of the year
1777 which elapfed during the recefs
of parliament, till it met again just
before Christmas, xxi. [35]-The state
of commerce, and the confequences of
the American war with refpect to it at
that time, [35 37-the fanguine
expectations of all thofe who favoured
the American war were greatly ele-
vated by general Burgoyne's fuccefs at
Ticonderoga, but were equally de-
preffed by the fubfequent accounts of
the defeat he met with at Saratoga,
and the convention he was obliged to
fign at that place, [38. 40]-the dif-
ficulties which attended the scheme for
raifing a body of troops to fupply the
lofs at Saratoga; the fubfcriptions for
raifing new levies, and the regiments
which were raised in Manchefter and
Liverpool; the oppofition which was
thewed by the corporations of Lon-
don and Bristol to the railing any
forces for this purpofe, though large
private fubfcriptions were made in
both cities to profecute the coercive
measures of administration in North
America; with an account of the feve
ral regiments that were raised in Scot-
land, and the independent companies
which were levied in Wales, in profe-
cution of the faid defigns, [79. 86]
the ftate of the war between her ar-
mies and thofe of the rebels in North
America, from the winter of 1777 to
August 1778, [212*. 236*]-the lift
of the new-intended corps at the be-
ginning of 1778, [161, 162]-the
fum of the money railed for relieving
the diftreffes of the American pri-
foners in England amounted to 3,815 1.
17 s. 6 d. and the number of prifo-
was estimated at 924 perfons,
[162]-the French ambassador quits
this country in 1778, [172]-an em-
bargo was laid on all French fhips in
the river Thames on March the 27th,
1778, [172]-on the fame day the
British ambaffador arrives from Paris,
[172]-the departure of the Ameri-
can commiffioners from England on
April the 21t, 1778, [177]-the a-
mount of the coach revenue for 1777,
[184] a general embargo was laid on
all thipping in May 1778, [185]-the
new regulation which was made in the
punishment of deferters, in a transpor-
tation for life to the East Indies, or on
the coast of Africa, [192]-letters of
marque granted August 11th, 1778,
[196]-the value of the French West
Indiamen taken fince the commence-
ment of the prefent difputes, was esti-
mated, in October 1778, at 600,000 1.
fterling,
fterling, [207]-account of the gold brought into the Mint in this country and in Ireland, by the proclamations in 1773, 1774, and 1776, [231, 232] -authentic extracts from the cornregifter, of corn and grain exported from, and imported into, England and Scotland, for 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, and 1778, [2757. 282]-The state of the war in North America from September the 8th, 1778, to December in the fame year, xxii. [118]-a review of conciliatory meatures pursued by the commiffioners for reftoring peace in America in 1778, defcribing the progrefs and fruitlefs iffue of thefe measures, [18. 28] -the ftate and progrefs of the British and French armies and navy in the Weft Indies, from September to December 1778, [36. 49]-the critical fituation of affairs in this kingdom in the year 1778, [50, 51]—the subftance of the addrefs and petition from the city of London to his majesty, March the 13th, 1778, [53, 54]— the meafures taken for carrying into effect the plan for putting this fland into a state of defence, by embodying the militia, by forming camps in various parts of the country, and by the equipment of a grand fleet for the home fervice, with the appointment of admiral Keppel to command it, [54, 551-the peculiar fituation of that commander, at the time he failed from St. Helens, June 13, 1778, [55. 58] the French frigate named Licorne, is ftopped and detained by the British fleet, with an account of the blameable conduct of the captain of the French frigate in firing unexpectedly into the America man of war, [58, 59]-the defperate engagement between the Arethufa and the Belle Poule frigates, [59, 60]-a French schooner bravely taken by the Alert frigate; and another French frigate, falling in with the British fleet, is, together with the Licorne and fchooner, brought to England, [o]-the difficulties the British fleet had to contend with, and the fatal confequences which would have attended a defeat, at the time the British admiral engaged the French fleet of very fuperior force on July the 27th, 1778, [61. 65]-account of the engagement, and view of those circumstances which were fuppofed to have prevented the engagement from being decifive, [65. 72]-French fleet efcape in the night, and return to
Breft, [72]-the prudent and tempe rate conduct obferved by the British admiral, and his return to Plymouth to refit; after which he proceeds again
to fea, but cannot meet the French fleet, [72. 74]-the trial of admiral Keppel at Portfmouth, where he honourably acquitted, [108. 254. 294]-admiral Keppel receives the thanks of both houfes of parliament, [110. 294. 296]-the remarkable memorial, figned by twelve admirals, which was prefented to his majesty, December the 30th, 1778, [108, 109]—the general, public, and unufual rejoicings on the acquittal of admiral Keppel, [110, 111]-vice-admiral fir Hugh Pallifer refigns all his employments, and his feat in parliament, [111, 112]-refignations which were made by two great naval commanders, and various naval officers, at the beginning of 1779, [121]—a proclamation was iffued July the 9th, 1779, charging all officers civil and military, in cafe of an invafion, to caufe all horfes, oxen, cattle, and provifions to be driven from the fea-coaft to places of fecurity, that the fame might not fall into the hands of the enemy, [219]-the number of prifoners of war, according to an estimate taken about Auguit or September 1779, in England, amounted to 12,0co men; of whom 600 were Spaniards, 2,200 Americans, and the remainder French, that is to fay, taken in the French prizes, [228]-an exact account of the cargo of the Spanish fhip the N. S. de Piedat, taken by an English privateer, [232, 233]-authentic extracts from the corn-regifter, giving an account of the quantities of all corn and grain exported from, and imported into, England and Scotland, with the bounties and drawbacks paid, and the duties received thereon for one year, ended the 5th of January 1780, [323, 324]-The very critical and alarming fituation of this country, fubfequent to the recefs of parliament in the year 1779; when the French and Spanish flags were feen flying triumphant in the British feas, and their fleets braving the Britifh fhores with impunity; when the mighty acceffion of the whole weight of the Span fh monarchy to that dangerous confederacy which was already formed against this country, could not but deeply fink a fcale, which (without that acceffion) was apparently on a level with cur ᏚᎳ ;
own; and when the refiftance of this
country to that mighty combination
filled all thofe parts of Europe which
looked on with aftonishment and re-
fpect; particularly when they faw that
the refources of the English feemed to.
grow with their neceffities, and that
the alarm (excited by the preceding
combination) had caufed a great exer-
tion in England, which, from a state
very much unprepared, became at
length powerfully armed and able to
refilt all the united force of her power-
ful enemies, xxiii. [15. 17.]-Procla-
mations for reprisals on Spain, and
for defenfive measures in cafe of an
invafion, [17]-various manifeftos,
and public pieces, iffued by the belli-
gerent powers of France and Spain,
against this country; and fome obfer-
vations on the charges exhibited by
Spain in particular; and the fecret
and prime motive, to which all these
oftenfible caufes of the war on the
part of Spain were only fubfervient,
[17. 20]-the general and public dif-
content at the profecution of the Ame-
rican war; the want of union among
the miniftry; and the accumulated
Strength of the oppofition: the fub-
fcriptions which were made at this
time for raifing troops and other pub-
lic purposes; and the bounties granted
by the East India company for raifing
6,000 feamen, and undertaking to
build three hips of the line as an
augmentation to the royal navy, [33.
36-the county meetings, petitions, and
affociations which began to take place
the latter end of the year 1779, and
the beginning of the year 1780, with an
account of the York petition to parlia-
ment, which became a model to others,
and was prefented to the house by fir
George Savile, [85. 90]-the fuccefs
which attended fir George Rodney in
going to the relief of Gibraltar, when
he took a valuable Spanish convoy,
fell in with a Spanish fquadron under
the command of Don Juan de Lan-
gara, takes the admiral, with feveral
men of war, and destroys others; then
effectually relieves Gibraltar, fupplies
Minorca, and proceeds on his destined
voyage to the Weft Indies, [201*.
2041-admiral Digby, being left
with the command of the remaining
part of the fleet at Gibraltar, proceeds
from thence with the Spanish prizes
on his way to England, meets with
the Prothée French man of war of 64
guns, and takes her, [204*]-Datch
convoy under the conduct of count
Byla. ftopped and examined by com-
modore Fielding; count Byland comes
tc Spithead with his fquadion and
convoy; and the confequences of that,
and of other precedent and fubfequent
meafures with this country and Hol-
land, [204, 205*] the dangers
which this country had to apprehend
from the manifetto, or declaration,
iffued by the court of Petersburgh, Fe-
bruary the 26th, 1780, which laid the
foundation for that formidable naval
and military alliance and confederacy
between the northern powers in Eu-
rope, under the name of an armed
neutrality, [205, 206 J-the deter-
minations and measures purfued by
this country, not only to prevent the
republic of Holland from acceding to
this northern confederacy, but like-
wife to induce that state to afford the
fuccours ftipulated by treaty to Eng-
land, and which all negociation had
hitherto failed of obtaining; in con-
fequence of which a royal proclama-
tion was iffued, April the 17th, 1780,
which fufpended provifionally, and till
further order, all the particular ftipu-
lations refpecting the fubjects of the
ftates-general, contained in the feveral
treaties now fubfifting, particularly
that treaty which was concluded at
London on the 11th of December,
1674, [206*, 207*]-account of the
riots in the cities of London and
Weftminster in June 1780; the ab-
ftract of the act which was the often-
fible caufe of thefe riots; copies of
the letters which paffed between the
fecretaries of ftate, the lord prefident
of the council, the commander in
chief, and the lord mayor and alder-
men of the city of London, and alfo
of the king's proclamation, relative to
the faid riots; the proceedings on the
trials of the rioters, [254. 287]-re-
markable actions at fea in the year
1780, (287. 292]-an account of the
quantities of all corn and grain ex-
ported from, and imported into, Eng-
land and Scotland, with the bounties
and drawbacks paid, and the duties
received thereon for one year, ended
the 5th of January 1781, [305, 306]
-prices of ftock for the year 1780, in
which the highest and lowest prices
which each stock bore during the
courfe of any month, is put down op-
polite to that month, [307]-For Do-
MESTIC OCCURRENCES, see the CHRONICLE; for STORMS, &c. &c. fee NATURAL HISTORY. English ministry; defcription of its state, the characters and defigns of the feveral factions, and a coalition of parties, and the general fatisfaction it produced in 1757, i. 3. 9. 13-Difference among them, arifing from the unprecedented behaviour of Spain during the pacific negociation in 1761, between the courts of London and Versailles, and the treaty which followed between France and Spain; the refignation of Mr. Pitt; and the difputes concerning the refignation, iv. [41. 48]—The state of parties among them, and competition between the D. of N. and the E. of B. at the time the negociation for peace was renewed in 1762, v. [45. 47]-The fudden refignation of the E. of B. in 1763, and the various conjectures about the caufe of, and reflections upon it; the fuppofed political principles of the fucceeding miniftry and the extraordinary negociation faid to be carried on at that time for a coalition of parties, vi. [38. 43]-The violent oppofition to their measures, particularly to the general warrants they iffued out against the author of the North Briton, No. 45, which broke out in 1764, and the fuccefs of the miniftry upon this occafion, vii. [18. 33] Their downfal expected, and the manner in which they were fupported by anti-minifterial doctrines, viii. [16. 183-the offer they made to the colonies of giving them an opportunity to chufe any other tax in lieu of the ftamp tax, unanimously rejected by them, [33, 34]-the coolnefs fhewed to them in 1765, by the K. and the reafons affigned for it; the difficulty in replacing them; objections to the new miniftry; and the fevere glance at them, in an address of the city of London, [42. 47]— the new miniftry appointed July 10th, 1765, [109]-The very critical fituation of the ministry created in 1765; the ftate of parties; the formidable oppofition they had to encounter; the caules which produced their removal in July 1766; the disinterestedness they fhewed at their refignation, and the great popularity they juftly acquired upon this and other accounts, ix. [32. 34. 47, 48. 124. 126]— the itate of the miniftry appointed in
July 1766, [48]-remarkable proofs of the fluctuating ftate of the ministry from Septembe 18th, 1761, to February 1766, [63]-A litt of the changes faid to have happened during the reign of his prefent majefty, as was published in 1767, x. [83]The first appointment of lord North, as chancellor of the exchequer, in the room of the honourable Charles Townshend, who died in September 1767, and the co-adjutors to his lord. fhip in the miniftry previous to the meeting of parliament, xi. [75*, 76*]
The popular torrent against the miniftry, the caufes which produced it, and the confequences that followed, in the refignation of the earl of Shel burne and the earl of Chatham, previous to the fecond feffion of the parliament in 1768, xii. (62. 64]-The cenfure thrown on their conduct and character in obtaining addreffes, fupporting the decifion in 1769 on the Middlefex election; the general difcontent, and the petitions fignifying the general diffatisfaction at fuch ineafures; and the refignation of several of the miniftry a few days after the meeting of parliament in the winter of 1769, xiii.[56. 64]-The apparent security of the miniftry previous to the meeting of parliament for the feffion for 1771, though parties ran high against them, xiv. [12. 17]-fome changes which took place during the recefs of parliament at Christmas 1770, particularly in the admiralty, and the principal departments in the law, [45, 46]-Their great ftrength in the clofe of the feflion of parliament for 1771, was manifeit from the prodigious majority which attended all their meafures, and made an oppofition to them fruitlefs, xv. [80*, 81*]-the apparent decline of the oppofition, by feveral of the late Mr. Grenville's friends, and other gentlemen coming over to the miniftry in 1772, [83*]
The union and firmnefs which prevailed amongst them previous to the meeting of parliament for the feffion in the year 1773, when the general fyftem of adminiftration continued the fame as in the former feffion, and triumphed over all oppofition, without any alteration from the change in office which happened at this time in the secretary for the American department, xvi. [62, 63]-The want of union, which blunted the edge and D3 weakened
weakened the force of oppofition,
added ftrength to the hands of ad-
miniftration, whofe ftability was in-
creased even by the nature of the mea-
fures they adopted; which, as they
were unlikely to fucceed, became more
fplendid by the fuccefs of the under-
taking, xvii. [44]-The difficulties
they had to contend with previous to
the meeting of parliament, and the
caufes which produced thefe difficul-
ties in 1775, and the state of parties
at that time fo far as it could be col
lected from the petitions and addresses
from various parts of the kingdom,
xix. [36. 43]-the very unexpected
oppofition to the American measures
purfued by administration, and the
fubftance of the ipe ch juftifying this
oppofition, which appeared in the duke
of Grafton, whilft at the head of ad-
miniftration, and previous to his re-
fignation, which took place in No-
vember 1775, [69, 70. 92]—some
other changes which happened about
the fame time, and the noblemen who
fucceeded to the vacancies, [93]-The
fecurity which they poffeffed, and the
uncontroulable power with which they
carried every meafure, previous to the
meeting of parliament in November
3777, xxi. [38]-The remarkable
irrefolution and indecifion which pre-
vailed in the councils and measures
taken by administration in 1778, with
an enquiry into the caufes which pro-
duced it, xxii. [50. 53]-The ge-
neral difcontent which appeared against
them in 1779, for profecuting the
American war; the very remarkable
want of union among themfelves; the
accumulated ftrength of the several
parties in oppofition to them; the de-
fection of thofe who formerly com-
pofed what is called the Bedford party,
by the refignation of earl Gower and
lord Weymouth; and the general de-
fection of other parties which was
expected, previous to the meeting of
parliament on November the 25th,
1779, xxiii. [35, 37]
English parliamentary debates in 1758,
concerning the preference of the con-
tinental or marine fyitem of politics,
i. 3, 4. 65, 66-Debates on the fame
fubject in 1760, heightened by the
fufferings of the British troops in Ger-
many, iii. [51. 55]-The fcheme for
the iupplies in 1763, opposed; argu-
ments against the lotteries, excife, &c.
particularly the cyder excife, with the
arguments in favour of the excife
and the fituation of the minority at
that time, vi. [2. 43. 96. 147.
155]-The state of the three factions
which prevailed in 1764; the nature
of general warrants; their conftant
ufage from the time of the Revolu-
tion, with the violent oppofition they
first met with in 1764; and the pro-
ceedings against the author of the
North Briton, No. 45, till he retired
to France, and was expelled the house
of commons, of which he was
member, vii. [18. 25]-parliamentary
debates upon the question of general
warrants; the ftate of the national
fupplies, and oppofition to the fcheme
for railing them; with obfervations on
the controverfy between administra
tion and the oppofition in 1764, [26.
331-Parliamentary debates on the
fubject of general warrants in 1765,
viii. [26. 32]-debates previous to the
ftamp duty being impo.ed on the co-
lonies, till it paffed both houses, and
received the royal affent by commis-
fion, March 22d, 1765, [34. 38]-
debates on the regency bill, the
amendments to it propofed and car-
ried, and the royal affent it received,
May 15th, 1765, [38. 41]-An ab-
ftract of the debates in 1766, on the
right of taxing the colonies, which is
at length confirmed and afcertained,
and the fubftance of the petitions pre-
fented to his majefty and parliament,
from the trading and manufacturing
towns upon this occafion, ix. [35.
45]-The nature of, and debates on,
the bill of indemnity for those con-
cerned in the embargo laid on wheat
in 1766, x. [44. 48]-the bill for re-
ftraining all acts of the affembly of
New York, and the caufe which pro-
duced it, [48]-the bill (in 1766)
for agreeing with the propofals made
by the Eaft India Company for an
accommodation with government, and
the bill (in 1767) for regulating India
dividends, with the debates thereon,
[41. 45*]-the nature of thefe bills
explained, [104]--two hundred and
nine bills, viz. ninety-five public, and
one hundred and fourteen private, re-
ceived the royal affent in 1767, the
greatest number that has been paffed
in one feffion for feveral years, [107]
-Proceedings and debates on the
methods that were to be taken to re-
lieve the diftreffes of the people, xi.
[76*]-debates on the bill for re-
|