pletion, or making a public avowal
of them, [20]-the exceffive contri-
butions and violent oppreffions com-
mitted by the Pruffian army on the
borders of Poland (under the pretence
of drawing lines to fecure their coun-
try against the plague in that country)
fhewed the nature of his Pruffian ma-
jesty's defigns on Poland, [20. 22]
-the time being at length arrived
when the fchemes of the three parti-
tioning powers were brought to ma-
turity, they throw off their masks, and
appear in their proper forms without
any difguife; each power producing
the refpective fpecification, &c. &c.
by which each laid claim, and fupport-
ed this claim, to the refpective parts
of the country of Poland, with fome
obfervations on the fame, [28. 34]-
a defcription of the two famous revo-
lutions which took place (in 1772)
in Sweden and Denmark, [46. 78*]
-the great fcarcity of provifions
which prevailed in many countries, par-
ticularly in Norway, and feveral of
the Swedish provinces, [79, 80*]-
The pleafing afpect of the political ho-
rizon in 1773, in confining the flames
of war within thofe ftates where they
began; in the inactivity of thofe great
armies in Germany and the North,
which feemed to threaten destruction
to each other, or to the rest of man-
kind; and in the negotiation and new
arrangements which were taken by
thefe powerful ftates to prevent and
obviate the fatal confequences of their
collifion, xvi. [1, 2]-retrofpective
view of the war between Ruffia and
the Porte, and its probable confe-
quences, [3. 5-the cause of fome
great commercial failures in 1772, and
felt in 1773, [9. 10]-The general
ftate of affairs in this country for the
year 1774 exhibited a very ambiguous
face of things; which, without any
actual war, prefented no certain peace;
particularly as a restless and dangerous
Spirit of innovation, accompanied with
diftruft, fufpicion, and jealousy, seemed
to poffefs the greater powers, and an
apprehenfion of danger the leffer ones,
xvii. [1. 42]-The ceffation which
appeared to take place between the
feveral ftates here in 1775, in their
animofities and defigns towards each
other, whilst the ywere engaged in con-
templating the new and unheard-of
fpectacle which England and her Co-
lonies in North America exhibited to

and the elegant embellishments of life
which took place in several states in
the year 1767, x. [1. 7]-The begin-
ning of the rupture between the two
great empires of the East and North,
Turkey and Ruffia; the cause of this
rupture, and its deftructive confe-
quences to the kingdom of Poland,
xi. [1, 2. 5. 26]-Curious remarks
on the ftate of the nations of, 183.
184-The profecution of the war be-
tween the Ruffians and the Turks in
Poland in 1769, though it has not
been attended with great and shining
actions, has yet abounded with those
which fhew war under its moft difguft-
ing and hidecus aspect, in the ruin and
devaftation of countries, in ravage, and
in maffacres, xii. [1. 6]-the general
ftate of the other countries in Europe
in 1769, [6. 12]-The natural and
reasonable jealousy with which the se-
veral commercial and maritime powers
in Europe have always beheld and op-
pofed a new maritime ftate; and the
particular and critical affairs of Eu-
rope which favoured the naval expe-
dition of the Ruffians into the Medi-
terranean in 1770 ; an expedition
which, at any other period of time,
could hardly have fucceeded, xiii. [2,
3]-the continuation of the general
peace in Europe in 1770, feemed prin-
cipally owing to accidental or unfore-
feen events, with an account of thefe
events, [9, 10]-The uncommon ca-
lamities which were experienced by
various kingdoms in it in 1771, arifing
from dearth, and inundations, and po-
pular tumults, xiv. [83*. 85*. 65]
-The very extraordinary revolution in
the political fyftem of this country,
and the deftruction of the balance of
power which has been wifely main-
tained for feveral ages, effected by the
difmemberment of Poland; with an
enquiry into its confequences in the
free ftates and cities of Germany in
particular, and in the two northern
crowns of Germany, xv. [1. 7-a
general enquiry into the nature and
confequences of two other revolutions
which happened in the course of the
year 1772, in Sweden and Denmark;
with fome remarks on the prefent po-
litics of Auftria and Pruffia, [7, 8]
-the conduct of the great partition-
ing powers gradually unfolded their
defigns during the negotiations at Foc-
zani, although the time was not then
arrived for carrying them into com、

the

the world, and perhaps eagerly predicted the advantages which they might derive from this contelt between England and her Colonies; and the ftate of affairs between England and the North American Colonies for the years 1774 and 1775, xviii. [1. 158*]— Few objects of hiftorical difcuffion appeared in the political affairs of the feveral ftates of this part of the world in 1776, England excepted, which engaged their fole attention, xix. [181*. 192*]-the fpirit of improvement and discovery which took place in 1776, and the religious toleration which prevailed during the fame period in fome powerful itates, [186*. 188*]-the great increafe of trade in the northern ftates in 1776, and the caufes to which it was attributed,

[171]-the religious and civil liberty which now generally prevailed, with fome proofs of it in Ireland, in Germany, in Sardinia, in Ruffia, and even among the Turks at Morocco, [191, 192]-The tranquillity which appeared in all the feveral ftates of Europe (England excepted) in 1777, when the ftorm which had been gathering fo heavily to the fouthward, if not entirely difpelled, had at leaft changed its direction, xx. (177*. 188*]—The political ftate of the German powers in particular in 1778; the origin and progrefs of the difputes between the emperor and his Pruffian majefty, relating to Bavaria, till great preparations for war were made on both fides, and the military operations of both armies, xxi. [1.35]-the state of population in the most celebrated and powerful cities in Europe, according to a calculation published in France in 1778, [217]-A retrospective view of the contest between England and her rebellious Colonies in America in the latter part of the year 1778, xxii. [1. 35. 179. 198*]-the progrefs of the French arms in the Welt Indies, during that period of time, [36. 49] A view of the affairs of Europe in the year 1779, particularly in Germany, Ruffia, the Porte, Spain, and France, xxiii. [1. 15]-the ftate of public affairs in England, previous to the meeting of parliament in England, on November the 25th, 1779, with the proceedings of parliament to July the 8th, 1780, [15. 200*]the state of hoftilities between the English and the Spaniards, in the month of Ja

nuary 1780, and between the English and the Dutch in the fame month, [201. 205*]-the fingular confequences which were produced by the court of Ruffia dictating a new code of maritime laws to mankind, in many refpects effentially differing from thofe which had for feveral hundred years been established among commercial nations, and going directly to the overthrow of that fovereignty, or preeminence, on the ocean which had been fo long claimed and maintained by Great Britain, [205*, 206*]. Euftatia, St.; a very tragical event in 1759, ii. 73, 74.

F.

FALKLAND's Inlands; the violent act of hoftility committed by Spain at Port Egmont, in difpoffeffing England by force of its fettlement here, accom. panied by a new and unheard-of infult to the Britifa flag, by the forcibable detention of an English frigate for twenty days, and taking off her rudder in time of profound peace between the two nations, xiii. 9. 116]

an exact account of the fhips fent by the Spaniards from Buenos-Ayres to take poffeffion of thefe iflands, [147] The firft difcovery of these islands was made in the year 1592, by captain Davies, and afterwards by the Dutch navigator Sebald de Wert in 1598, and by him called the Sebaldine Ilands, xiv. [1, 2]-they were vifited in the reign of king William III. by one Strong, who is fuppofed to have given them the name of Falkland's Iflands; they are called by the French the Malouines, from fome fhips belonging to St. Maloe's which are faid to have visited them in the last century; although the Spaniards feem to have known fo little about them as not even to have given them a name, [1, 2]-they were taken poffeffion of by commodore Byron in 1764, when a fettlement was made in the name of the English at the port called Port Egmont, in honour of the earl of Egmont, who is faid to have planned this expedition; the importance of this fettlement (in time of war) being first difcovered by lord Anfon in his voy. age round the world, [3, 4]-the fettlement made here by the French under the conduct of Monfieur de BougainE 4 ville,

ville, which was called Port Louis,
and was afterwards given up to the
Spaniards in 1766, who changed the
name from Port Louis to Port Solidad,
[5, 6]-the latitude of thefe islands,
and their extent in circumference, and
their produce defcribed, [6, 7]—ori-
gin of the dispute between the English
and the Spaniards relating to them in
1769, with a short detail of the vari-
ous tranfactions between the English
and the Spaniards, till the former fur-
rendered the English fettlement to the
latter, June the 10th, 1770, [7. 12]
-parliamentary debates and proceed-
ings relating to this bufinefs, to the
negotiation with Spain about fettling
this difpute, and to the convention
which produced the final accommo-
dation of matters between the courts
of London and Madrid, [21. 23. 41.
45, 46. 53]-letters and papers pre-
vious to the furrender of these islands,
the articles of capitulation, and the
papers relating to the convention which
took place between his Britannic ma-
jefty and the king of Spain, [232.
240]-particulars relating to the man-
ner in which captain Stott was put
into poffeffion of these islands in the
name of his Britannic majefty, Sep-
tember the 13th, 1771, [162, 163]-
An account of the arrival in England
of all fuch ftores as were ferviceable,
as the property of his Britannic
majesty, in 1774, xvii. [146, 147].
-See alfo NATURAL HISTORY.
Feltzberg evacuated by the French, v.
[26]

Fendenthal, in the Upper Silefia, de-
ftroyed by fire, vii. [115, 116]
Florence; the great and laudable encou-
ragement given to matrimony in 1767,
and the caule, x. [66]-Preparations
and entertainments on the account of
the marriage of his Silician majesty,
xi. [115, 116, 117].-See alfo NATU-
RAL HISTORY.

Florida ceded to the English at the ge-
neral peace, and the advantages of
this ceffion confidered, v. [56. 240]
-Encouragement granted to cultivate
and fettle under the English govern-
ment, vi. [111], ix. [107]-Value of
its produce, xiv. [127]
Florida, East and Weft; Parliamentary
grants to, in 1764, vii. [160, 161]

In 1765, viii. [238, 239]-In 1766,
ix. [202] In 1767, x. [218]-In
1768, xi. [263]-In 1769, xii. [219]
-In 1770, xiii. [235]—In 1771,

xiv. [223, 224]—In 1772, xv. [230]
-In 1773, xvi. [227]-In 1774,
xvii. [252]—In 1775, xviii. [244,
245] In 1776, xix. [250]—In 1777,
xx. [268]-In 1778, xxi. [278]—
In 1779, xxii. [239]-Foundling
hofpital at Paris; wife regulations
made in 176 for the encouragement
of industry and population, iv. [133,
134]

France. The origin of the war com-
menced against England in 1756, arofe
from the uncertain limits of the French
and English territories in North Ame-
rica, particula. ly Acadia (now called
Nova Scotia) and the fettlements on
the Miffifippi and the Banks of the
Ohio, i. 1. 3-
-threatens to invade
England, takes Minorca, and me-
naces an attack upon Hanover, 5-
fuccefs of the first military operations
against England, both in Europe,
America, and the Eaft Indies, 13,
14. 29, 30-fends a very powerful
army into Germany to fupport the
pretenfions of the empress queen of
Hungary to the duchy of Siletia, and
to diftrefs the English in Hanover, 14.
19-the cruelty of the French com-
mander in Hanover, and fad state of
the army, 26. 28-great diftreis of
their affairs at home, and retreat of
their army out of Hanover and be-
yond the Rhine; public difcontent and
alterations in the miniftry, 34. 38-
General itate of affairs, and principal
objects propofed at the commencement
of the campaign for 1759; with ob-
fervations on the effential defects in
their military ettablishment, ii. 5. 7
-general confufion which prevailed
in confequence of the battle and de-
feat at Minden, Auguft 1, 1759, 16.
21-the unsuccessful, though formi-
dable, preparations to invade Eng-
land, 22. 23. 51. 53-the very dif-
treffed itate of their affairs at the clofe
of the campaign for 1759, and the
methods purfued to find refources for
profecuting the war, 55-Rejects the
pacific proposals made by Great Bri-
tain and Pruffia at the end of the yeer
1759, and the reafons, iii. [3. 51-
the itate of the army and commanders
at the beginning of the campaign for
1760, [10.19.21]-expedition against
Ireland in 1759, under the command
of Thurot, [55. 57]-captures made
by it from the English, from March
it to June the 10th, 1760; and
from June 1ft, 1756, to June 1ft,

1760, [111. 120]-captures made by
the English from June 1ft, 1756, to
June 1st, 1760, [120]-Origin and
ftate of the long-contested, as well as
melancholy difpute between the king
and his parliaments in feveral pro-
vinces, [127] iv. [98, 99. 145, 146.
153, 154]—Her ipecious inclination
to peace at the beginning of the year
1761; treaty for this purpofe propofed
and entered into by this itate; diffi-
culties in the negotiation, and her
machinations in the court of Spain,
which ultimately put an end to the
negotiation at this time, and produce
a war between Spain and England,
iv. 1. 7. 13, 14. 18. 24. 37. 53]—
the number of thips faid to be taken
by this country, and by the English,
in the year 1760, [58]-wife regula-
tions inade in 1761 in the Foundling
hofpital for the encouragement of in-
duitry and population, [133, 134]—
a very memorable inftance of public
fpirit in the parliament of Douay, [153,
154] agriculture greatly promoted
by focieties inftituted for this purpofe
in various provinces, [160-an exact
lift of ships of war taken by the Eng-
lifh fince the commencement of hoiti-
lities to September 1761, with an exact
lift of merchant ships taken by the
English, and ranfomed, for nine
months, ending with September 1761,
[161]-number of English merchant
thips belonging to the English taken
from them, [1623-an account of the
establishment of one-horfe chaifes in
Paris on the footing of hackney-
coaches, by Monfieur de Chamoufet,
who inftituted their penny-polt at Paris,
[184]-an instance of public spirit in
the province of Languedoc, [184,
185]-Some articles of the alliance
called the Bourbon Compact, and the
confequences they produced to Europe,
v. 13. 5]-conduct towards Portugal
previous to the declaration of war
against that country, [8, 9]-war de-
clared against Portugal in union with
Spain, [10]-the pacific fentiments
produced by the lofs of Martinico,
and its dependencies; the flow and
unfuccessful progrefs of the Bour-
bon troops in Portugal, and the rc-
trograde motion of the French army
in Germany, [45]-appoints a per-
fon of the first confequence and dif
tinction to negotiate the peace in Eng-
land, [48]-agrees to evacuate Wefel,
Cleves, and Guelders, and to with-
draw her forces entirely out of Ger-

many, [54, 55]-a particular account
of the fettlements in North America,
in the Eaft and West Indies, and in
Europe; with their several boundaries
agreed to and confirmed at the gene-
ral peace of 1763, [55. 63. 235. 242]
particular declaration relating to the
debts due to the Canadians from the
court of Versailles, [243]-a lift of
the fhips taken from the English in
October, November and December
1761, [65] an account of the num-
ber of thips taken by the English in
the courfe of the war, [121, 122]-
An account of fome dreadful fires at
Paris, and in feveral of the provinces
of this country, in 1763, vi, [67]—
a declaration permitting a free trade in
grain through all the inland parts of
the kingdom, [84]-an edict relating
to feveral alterations with refpect to
the taxes, and another relating to the
crown debts, [84]-the great atten-
tion that was fhewed to the re-cfta-
blishment of the marine, and to the
plantation of pines fit for ship-masts,
which grow of the valley d'Afpe in
Bearn, 103, 104]-the arbitrary pro-
ceedings of the dukes de Harcourt and
Fitz James, and the remarkable con-
fequences which they produced, fhew-
ing the nature and power of the par-
liaments of France, vi. [120]-vii.
[4. 10. 48, 49. 88, 89]—viii. [155].

-ix. [7, 8. 54, 55]—ix. [99]—
xi. [46. 48. 161, 162]-xii. [47]
-xiv. [91*. 93*. 67. 72, 73. 75,
76. 80, 81, 82, 102. 144]-xv. [79]

-

The archbishop of Paris banished to
his abbey of Conftans, with an en-
quiry into the reason of it, vi. [130]

the judicial proceedings against fe
veral French officers employed in Ca-
nada who misbehaved there, and the
reftitution required of them, in pro-
portion to the frauds they were found
guilty of, with a fhort history of the
proceedings of the English merchants
trading to Canada on hearing that
thefe fines were levied; the method
taken by the French government to
pay to the fubjects of Canada the ba-
lance due to them, [120. 122]-The
edict iffued in January 1764, for the
free commerce of grain in this king-
dom, vii. [49]-the fad ftate of their
Eaft India affairs, and the almost
entire annihilation of their East In-
dia Company in 1764, [53, 54.
89]-premiums given for prepar-
ing and falting provifions (after the
manner of the Irish) which may be
carried

earried to the French fettlements in the West Indies, [54]-Leave given to, to confult the archives in the Englifh exchequer, for the different records and inftruments concerning the rights, domains and poffeffions of the French crown to be found therein, vii. 76 -The great encouragement given to the fmuggling of English fheep, particularly in the province of Normandy, for the benefit of the great woollen manufactory in that place, [100]-fome account of the new porcelain manufactory in this country, [101]-The alliance made with the house of Auftria by marriage, and the natural alliance (as it may be called) with Sweden, viti. [3, 4]-fupplies the Genoefe with troops against the Corficans, with fome reafons affigned for it, [4]-the good ftate of the fettlements in the East Indies in 1764, as conducted by Mr. Law, [14, 15]-The measures taken by England in pursuance of the declaration of the French court for liquidating the debt incurred by maintaining the French prifoners in England during the last war, [62]the propofal made to the court of Sweden 10 pay the arrears of fubfidies due to that court for expences incurred in the German war, and the refolution of that court upon the fame, [63]-the military establishment of this country for the year 1765 was fixed at 93,970 effective men, [73]-great encourage. ment given to the diftreffed to embark for the French plantations, [94] fome famous remonftrances of the clergy against a royal demand inade on them for twelve millions of livres, by way of free gift, in 1765, [105, 106. 132]-the unfuccefsful attack on the port of Sallee on May 31ft, 1765, [106, 107]-regulations relative to buildings in Paris which took place in 1765, 113, 114] a dreadful fire which nearly destroyed the whole town of Bolbec in Normandy, [114]-an account of the great mifchief done by a wild beast of singular fagacity and speed, and enmity to women and children, in the fouthern parts of this country, with a particular defcription of this beaft, [132, 133]-the arret of the king's council of ftate, bearing date November 29th, 1765, concerning the liquidation of the Canada bills, [154, 155]-Her clofe connection with Spain and her new ally the houfe of Austria, the improvement of

her plan in northern politics, and the wife attention which the pays to her maritime affairs in 1766, ix. [4, 5]— an account of the dreadful fire at Monthifon in March 1766, [71, 72] -the final adjustment of the difpute with England relative to the Canada bills took place the 31st of March, 1766, [79]-a militia appointed to be raised in 1766 confifted of 74;550 men, [80] an ordinance prohibiting the poft mafters at Paris, and twelve leagues round, furnishing horfes to any perfon without an order from his majefty, or a permiffion from the fuperintendant, [99]-an arret of the council of ftate, dated April the 21ft, 1766, forbidding any bankrupt, or any one who has made a composition with his creditors, from being admitted upon the Exchange to tranfact business, [100] the encouragement given in 1766 to foreigners and others for clearing uncultivated lands in this kingdom, [131, 132]-a conciliating treaty propofed to the republic of Geneva, which was rejected by a large majority in that republic, upon which the French ambaffador threatened to break off all connections with the Genevois, [155]-threatens Geneva with a total prohibition of trade with this country, and to arreft all the inhabitante of this republic on being found in any part of the dominions of France, [158, 159]-Pacific intentions towards England in 1767, and the reafons affigned for them, x. [3, 4]-a violent commotion at Troyes in this country, occafioned by the refufal of the officers of the police to permit the bakers to raise the price of bread, [98] the farms of the kingdom let (in 1767) to the farmers-general for the fum of 132,250,000 livres per annum, [104]-a memorable inftance of attention to the diftreffes of the poor, in the cardinal de Bernis, [112] propofals made in favour of the Jews, fetting forth the advantages the nation would receive in its commerce from the encouragement and protection of that people, [164]-The military and hoftile operations in the ifland of Corfica, in confequence of a formal treaty concluded with the republic of Genoa, by which the kingdom of Corfica was ceded to the French king for an indeterminate time, xi. [2]-takes poffeffion of the pope's territories in Avignon and Venaiffin in 1768, [45, 46]—

nature