da, Virginia, North and South Caro-
lina, and New England, till the con-
tinental army before Boston (whose
limited time of military fervice was
nearly expired) enlisted for a new
term, in October 1775, xix. [1. 35]
-articles of confederation and per-
petual union between the feveral co-
lonies were propofed by fome mem-
bers in Congrefs in November 1775,
but not meeting with the general ap-
probation of all the colonies, did not
fucceed at that time, although a
commercial refolution was paffed,
fufpending in certain cafes the probi-
bition with respect to exportation and
importation, [35, 36]-motions, de-
bates, and refolutions, in the Bri-
tish parliament, relating to the af-
fairs of this country, with a particu-
lar enquiry into the nature of the
petition of Congiefs prefented by Mr.
Penn, the famous prohibitory bill,
and the petition prefented to parlia-
ment by the colony of Nova Sco-
tia, (93. 99. 109. 114. 117*.
320*. 121*. 123*]-the operations
of the royal and continental armies
in New England, in the fpring of
1776, till the British troops retired to
Halifax in Nova Scotia, and left the
rebels in full poffeffion of Maffachu-
fet's Bay, [145*. 151*]-the ap-
pointment of lord Howe and general
Howe to be commiffioners for re-
ftoring peace in the colonies, the
march of the army with general Howe
to Staten Island, the circular letter
(dated July the 14th, 1776) which
lord Howe fent to the feveral late
governors of the colonies, and was
tranfinitted by general Washington
to the Congrefs, who speedily pub-
lished it in all the newfpapers, with
a preface or comment of their own;
and fome other fteps which were ta-
ken by lord Howe and the Congress,
previous to the arrival of the royal
fleet and army at New York, in Au-
guft 1776, [165*. 169*]-the de-
fent of the royal army on York
Inland, the defeat of general Put-
nam, the capture of New York,
which was fet on fire by fome incen-
diaries, the reduction of the whole of
York Inland by the British army,
which over-ran the Jerfeys, and re-
duced Rhode Island, [169. 181*.]
-lord Howe and general Howe's
commiffion for reftoring peace in
America was figned May 3, 1776,

[140]the humane order fued
from the War-office in England
with respect to the officers and
men ferving in this country, [188.
189]-The military proceedings of
the royal and provincial armies at the
latter end of the year 1776, the re-
verfe of fortune which was expe-
rienced by the British army, and the
measures taken to engage the Indians
in fupport of the royal caufe, xx.
[1. 23]-the fuccefsful expedition
which was made to Peek's Hill and
Danbury by the loyal provincials,
who were embodied and placed un-
der the command of governor Tryon ;
with the ftate of affairs of the roy-
alitts at New York, previous to the
opening of the campaign in the fum-
mer of 1777, [113. 118]-the death
of general Woofter, and the de-
ftruction of veffels and provifions at
Sagg Harbour, by a detachment from
Connecticut, under the command of
colonel Meigs, who had attended
general Arnold in his expedition
to Quebec, [118]-the advantages
which general Washington derived
from the detention of the royal army
at New York, through the want of
tents and field-equipage, and the dif-
ferent fchemes which were fuggefted
at that time for conducting the ope-
rations of the campaign, [118. 121]
-general fir William Howe takes the
field in May 1777, and endeavours
in vain to provoke general Wafhing-
ton to an action; with an account of
feveral fkirmishes between different
parts of the royal and provincial ar-
mies in the fouthern colonies, till
Philadelphia was taken by lord Corn-
wallis; and fome reflections on the
iffue of the campaign on the Dela-
ware, till the royal army went into
winter quarters at Philadelphia, [121.
141] the conduct of the northern
expedition to Ticonderoga commit-
ted to general Burgoyne, and the fe-
veral particulars relating to the be-
ginning, progrefs, and final fuccefs
which attended it, [141. 154®]—
the ill fuccefs attending general Bur-
goyne previous to, and terminated
by, the unfortunate convention at Sa-
ratoga, on the 17th of October, 1777,
[155. 174*]-the fuccefsful expe-
dition by general fir Henry Clinton
and general Vaughan up the North
River, with fome obfervations on
the iffue of the northern campaign,

[174 176]-the genuine correfpondence which paffed between lord Howe and Dr. Franklin in June and July 1776, [261. 264]-State of the hoftile armies during the winter in 1777, xxi. [212]-predatory expeditions by the British troops, and the charges against them by the Americans, [214, 215*]-draught of the conciliatory bills published here in 1778, and the effect produced by it in the English army and among the Americans, with the conduct and refolutions of the Congrefs, [215.218] the influence which the French treaties had in preventing the fuccefs of the conciliatory bills, paffed by the British parliament, on the minds of the Americans, (219*]

3

fome obfervations on the confequences produced by the British army evacuating Philadelphia, and retreating to the northward, across the Jerfeys, juft at the arrival of the cominiffioners from England, and the great difficulties fultained by the army in their march; their ar rival at a place near Monmouth and an account of the action at that place, [220*, 225*]-British army pass over to Sandy Hook ifland, and are conveyed by the fleet to New York in July 1778, [225*. 227.]the alarm occafioned by the arrival of a formidable fleet from France, which appears before Sandy Hook, where the fquadron catt anchor; the preparations by the British army and navy to oppofe them at New York, till the fleet departs to Rhode Island; the apparent inclination of both fleets to come to a general engagement, which is prevented by a violent ftorm feparating them, juit at the point of an engagement; and the damages done to the fleet belonging to the French, [227*, 233-a partial engagement between fome few fhips, and the great honour acquired by the British commanders, [233, 234*]-D'Eftaign afterwards leaves Rhode Island, and proceeds to Bofton, where he was fo ftrongly fecured in Nantafket Road, as to defeat the defign of lord Howe, who followed him there with a firm refolution to attack him, [234*. 236]-particulars of the mifchianza exhibited at the departure of general Howe from this country to England, [264. 270.]-Lord Howe being fruf

trated in his defign of attacking D'Eftaign in the Nantasket Road, immediately returned to the fuccour of Rhode Island, but upon finding it free from all danger by the retreat of general Sullivan, proceeds to New York, where in confequence of a previous leave of abfence being given to him, he refigned the command of the fleet into the hand of admiral Gambier, and returned to England, xxii. [1, 2]the fuccefsful expedition made to Bedford, Fair Haven, and to Martha's Vineyard, [2, 3]-admiral Montague difpoffelles the French of the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, [3]-fuccefsful expeditions made by lord Cornwallis and general Knyphaufen in the Jerfeys, [3. 7.]—fuccessful expeditions of the loyalifts in Canada, [7.17]-a review of conciliatory measures purfued by the commiffioners for restoring peace in America, who attempt to open and fimooth the way to a negociation by private communications and correfpondence, which fails in the effect, and is highly refented by the Congrefs, [18. 20]-refolutions by the Congrefs against holding any commu nication or intercourfe with one of the commiffioners, upon which that gentleman declines acting any longer in the commiffion, and publifhes a declaration in anfwer to the Congrefs, [20. 22]-the declaration 'which the remaining commiflioners published in anfwer to the Congress, and the final manifefto and proclamation which they iffued and published October the 3, 1778, [22. 26]-the cautionary declaration or notice to the public which the Congress published in confequence of this manifetto; and then followed a counter manifefto on the part of the Congrefs, filled with bitternefs and acrimony, and concluded with a threatening retaliation, [26, 27]-the fingular letter fent by the marquis de la Fayette to the earl of Carlile, [28]the American expedi tion for the reduction of the British fettlements in the country of the Natches, on the borders of the Misliffippi, [28, 29]-the fuccessful expedition from New York, under the conduct of commodore Parker and colonel Campbell, for the reduction of the province of Georgia, which was followed by the defeat of the rebels, by the capture of the town of Savannah,

B 3

nah, (tored with provifions and am-
munition) and the recovery of the
whole province of Georgia (excepting
only the town of Sunbury) to the Bri-
tish government, [29. 35]-the
town and fort of Sunbury was after-
wards taken by major general Pre-
voft, who affumes the principal com.
mand, [35]-tate of the French
fleet at Bolton, and the riot between
the French and the inhabitants in
Boston, in September 1778. [39, 40]
-a defperate riot between the French
and American failors in the city and
port of Charlestown, with an enquiry
into the caufe of this riot, [40]—
the alarm fpread through the Caro-
linas by the reduction of Georgia;
the great joy which the loyalists in
North Carolina fhewed upon this oc-
cafion, which encouraged them to op-
pofe the rebels till they were defeat-
ed, [179, 180]-the American gene-
ral Lincoln arrives in South Caro-
lina to oppofe major general Prevost,
who defeats the rebels at Briar
Creek; after which he paffes the Sa-
vannah, penetrates into South Caro-
lina, advances to Charlettown, and
finding himself in a very critical and
dangerous fituation, retires to the
islands of St. Jaines and St. John,
which lay to the fouthward of Charles-
town harbour, and afforded good
quarters and plenty of provisions for
the troops, [180. 185]-general
Prevolt takes poffeffion of the island
of Port Royal, which upon many ac-
counts was a moft defirable itation
for the troops, in May, during the
intense heats and very unhealthy fea-
fon which were then either prevail.
ing or approaching, [185]-the great
and fuccefsful expedition from New
York to Chefapeak Bay, under the
conduct of fir George Collier and ma-
jor general Matthew, when great da-
mage was done to the Americans in
the neighbourhood of Hampton and
Norfolk, [186, 187]-an expedition
up the North River, when Stoney
Point and Verplanks were taken by
the British tops. [188, 189]-ex-
pedition to Connecticut under fir
George Colli and governor Tryon,
[190. 192]-Soney Point furprised
and take y general Wayne, but
was afterwards retaken by fir Henry
Clinton, after it had been three days
in the poffeffion of the enemy, [192.
94-lieutenant-colonel Maciane

is befieged by an armed force from
Bofton, but is relieved by fir George
Collier, who destroys the whole rebel
marine in the 'Penobic t, [194.
198*monfieur d'Eftaign arrives
upon the coaft of Carolina, anchors
off Tybee, lands his troops, and in-
vefts the town of Savannah; attacks
the British lines, and is repulfed with
great flaughter, upon which the
French retire to their fhips, and to-
tally abandon the coafts of America,
[207*. 214*]-Advantages derived
by the Spaniards in this country from
their early intelligence of the intend-
ed rupture between England and
Spain in June 1779, in confequence
of which English veffels were taken
by the Spaniards (before any intelli-
gence of that measure could poffibly
have been received in America, from
the time of the Spanish refcript being
delivered at the court of London)
and the British fettlements on the
Miffiffippi were fubdued by Don Ber-
nardo de Galvez, xxiii. [207*, 208*.]
America, South; the origin of commo-
tions and infurrections which threat-
ened a revolution in the Spanish do-
minions here, ix. [2. 18. 20]-The
Spaniards firft began to have fettle-
ments in this country in the fixteenth
century, xv. [10, 11]-they were
difpoffeffed of these fettlements (at
Chili) by the Indians in 1765, and
took violent methods to reinstate
themfelves at Chili, which produced
a very formidable and general infur-
rection among all the continental In-
dians of the Chilefe, who ftrenuously
oppofed, if not overturned, all thefe
defigns of the Spaniards, [11, 12.
52.]

Amanonebourg; attacked and reduced
by the French, v. [49, 50.]
Ancona; calamitous event in 1761,
produced by the fiery zeal of fome

Greek priefts, iv. [146.]
Angria, the fort of the prince of; de-
ftroyed by the English in 1756, i. 14.
Antigua; encouragement given by a
proclamation from the governor to
volunteers to proceed in the expedi-
tion against Guadaloupe, ii. 93, 94
-Proceedings of this colony on the
appointment of general Woodley to
be their governor, in June 1768, xi.
[151,152]-The dreadful fire which,
on the 17th of August, 1769, r duced
almost to ashes the town of St. John
in this ifland, and the royal donation

of

of one thousand pounds, which was made by his majesty for the immediate relief of the unhappy fufferers, xii. [141,142]-A remarkable difpute between the honourable Stephen Blizard, efq. chief juftice of the commonpleas in this ifland, and the jury, in a caufe which was brought before thein, in 1771, xiv. [150, 151.] Arabia; the ftrict confinement of the women, xxiii. 40-manners of the wild Arabs, who are never known to break their faith, when pledged on the fcore of friendship, 52. 54. Archangel; a dreadful fire which hap

pened in 1762, vi. [51]-The eftablishment of a French factory in 1766, by permiffion of the Ruffian court, ix. [5. 52.] Augfburg; appointed for the congrefs

relating to the treaty of peace, propofed and entered into by the belligerent powers at the beginning of 1761, the difficulties in the negotiation, and the caufes which put ah end to the negotiation, and produced a war between Spain and England, and Portugal, iv. [4. 7. 13, 14. 18. 24. 37.53]-a fhort account of its fituation, civil and ecclefiaftical government, and memorable confeffion of faith by the Lutherans in 1550, [117, 118.]

Augustin, St. Fort, and all it dependencies; ceded to his Britannic majefty, who grants to the inhabitants the liberty of the Roman Catholic religion, as far as the laws of Great Britain permit, v. [240, 241.] Avignon; taken from the Pope, and annexed to the French territories in Provence, xii. [38.]

Auftria; origin of the war between this houfe and the king of Pruffia arofe from the mutual claims upon Silefia, i. 2. 7.-forms an alliance with France, called the treaty of Verfailles with an account of its political fate previous to this treaty, and its confederacy with France and fome powerful German ftates against Great Britain and Pruffia, 6. 8.-The duchies of Parma, Placentia, and Guatalla, promised to be rettored to this court by the treaty of Aix-la- Chapelle, on the acceffion of Don Carlos of Naples to the crown of Spain, and the reasons why they were not claimed, ii. 2, 3.-fingular nature of the refources for maintaining a conftant military force in this country, and

condition of this country at the beginning of 1759, 4, 5.-The demands made by it on the Pruffian monarch, and reafon why it did not accede to the propofals made for peace at the end of 1759, iii. [3. 5]-Pacific propofals and treaty begun in 1761, and the caufes which prevented the fuccefs, iv. [3. 7]-The nature and fubftance of the peace in 1762 between this court and his Pruffian ma jesty, v. [63. 247. 249]-The alliances which took place in 1765 and in 1768, between the houfes of Auftria and Bourbon by feveral intermarriages, viii. [2, 3]-xi. [35]Some account of the nuptials of the archduke Leopold of Auftria to the Infanta Maria Louifa of Spain, viii. [196. 200] A fummary account, containing the views and designs, the conduct and proceedings, of the houfe of Auftria, with refpect to Poland, from the commencement of the troubles in that kingdom, and the unhappy effects it had upon the Poles, and the probable effect which was produced, by the unexpected union in politics and fentiments between the courts of Vienna and Berlin, upon the measures and conduct of the court of Peterburg, xv. [22. 26]—the fpecific tion containing the parts of Poland which the houfe of Auftria claimed to their fhare in this partition in 1772, [29, 30]-The illuftrious figure which the houfe of Austria made in 1776, when the emperor Jofeph II. abolifhed the torture, with all its horrors, within his hereditary dominions, and granted a moft liberal religious toleration; with the happy effects of this toleration in Hungary, xix. [188*]-characteristic proofs of the fame beneficence, attention to the welfare and happiness. of the people, and regard to the rights of mankind, were displayed by the fame emperor, in Bohemia, where the peasants, who were dependent on the royal demefnes, were freed from their former villenage. [188*]-The heads of the convention figned in December 1776 between this court and the republic of Venice, by which the difputes, which fubfifted between them about the limits of Morlachia, were concluded and fettled, xx. [162] -The nature and fubitance of the convention concluded between the new elector of Bavaria and the head

of the houfe of Auftria, in January 1778; the claims which were made by this house on certain territories in Bavaria; the manner in which, and the ftates by whom, thefe claims were controverted; the fupport which the king of Pruffia gave to thefe ftates in the demands they made in fupport of their rights; the memorials, propofals, and negociation to accommodate and fettle matters, till at length the Auftrian and Pruffian ftates began to prepare for war, xxi. [5. 18]-the ftate and progrefs of the campaign between the emperor of Germany and the king of Pruffia; the great prudence and judgment fhewed by the emperor in this his firft effay in war; and the military operations in Bohemia, on the fide of Saxony, and in the Auftrian Silefia, [19. 35]-The event of this campaign induces a difpofition favourable to the pacific views of the empress queen, which are further feconded by the mediation of Ruffia and France, xxiii. [1.4]— this mediation produced a fufpenfion of arms to be published, and a congrefs to be affembled at Tefchen for negotiating a peace, which was finally concluded May 13th, 1779, within the space of two months from the time of opening the congrefs; the fubftance of this peace, and the equitable principles upon which it was conducted and concluded, [5, 6] See alfo Germany and Hungary, for matters relating to the houfe of Auftria.

Auftrians; the military campaigns of,

in 1757, i. 15. 18. [41, 42. 48]See Marshal Daun, in Characters. Auto da Fé; a lift of the perfons, with their offences and punishments, who came out of the inquifition at Lifbon, or were brought out in effigy, OAober 27th, 1765, viii. [212. 214]—In September 1767, x. [131] Azores, the; all united under one government, ix. [146]

Soolooans, an Afiatic nation, xviii. [93]-it was afterwards claimed by the English, Spaniards, and Dutch, with a concife account of the refpective claims, till the English were deprived of it by the king of Sooloo, [93, 94.] Bamberg; taken and pillaged by the Pruffians, with the loud complaints against this conduct, ii. 10. Banda Neira; (one of the Molucca islands), a dreadful earthquake in 1763, vii. [96, 97.]

Barbadoes; two dreadful fires in May and December 1766, the very great damages done, and the benefactions in England upon this account, ix. [114. 134. 144. 148]-X. [77]

The British parliamentary grant to this colony in 1770, xiii. [236]And in 1775, when the crops of fugar were remarkably bad, xviii.[143] -The melancholy picture of the fad ftate of this ifland in 1776, arifing from the great fcarcity of provifions, and the caules to which it was attributed, in an addrefs prefented to his majelty on this occafion from the in◄ habitants of that ifland, xix. [167]— The calamities produced by the American troubles, xx. [26, 27] Barbary; ftates of renounce fubjection to the Porte, x. [11. 53] Barcelona; cuftom-house deftroyed by fire, xx. [171] Baffora; state of the English factory at, ix. [54]-Taken by the Perfians, xix. [191*]

Bavaria; the great change in the political affairs of Germany, by the renewal of claims and pretenfions made by two powerful ftates, on the death of Maximilian Jofeph, the late elector of this country, who died December the 30th 1777, and in whom the male "William line was extinguished, xxi. [3, 4]—some account of the character and difpofition of his succeffor, Charles Theodore, the elector palatine of the Rhine, [4, 5]-the feizure which was made by the Auftrian troops upon the Lower Bavaria, and upon the Upper Palatinate; and the fubftance of the convention concluded between the new elector and the court of Vienna, in January 1777, [5, 6]-a fhort view of the history of the two great branches of the Bavarian or Palatine line, so far as it relates to the prefent conteft, [6. 11]-claims of the houfe of Au