with fuccefs, I fhall increase the buffes; and when the cana: I fhew ed you is finished, I thall build fome larger floops, and a brig or two of an hundred tons, for carrying the product of the fishery up the ftreights; from whence I hope to return home loaded with falt, which, by that time, I shall have fixed a market for. : My great object is to make every part of my general plan unite to form one whole, by rendering each divifion of it the fupport of another at first, I was forced to fend out my floops, wherever they went, empty; but as my manufactures have increased, I have fent out fome loads of them, which have obtained a very good market; I have loaded others with corn, having a perpetual licence from the king for that purpofe; if my fithery proceeds, I thall never be obliged to go out empty, which is a very efTential object. All these works I find have a wonderful efficacy in increafing the people on my eftate. I before told you, that the town has above two thousand inhabitants in it, though not a hut was standing there threeand-twenty years ago; my buildings increase confiderably every year; I have a great number of brick and lime burners, mafons, fmiths, and carpenters, that do nothing else but build houses for the new comers. This work regulates all the reft, for it is the irft I provide cafh for, being the great object of all the reft; and what fum is fpared from this, I expend upon the other works. I raifed five-and-thirty houfes laft year, and the number this year will be near forty. From the ap. plications I have received, I ap prehend, I fhall next year build above fixty; but the expence will be fo large, that I fhall be forced to retard my other undertakings. You shall to-morrow fee the effect, which this population has had upon my husbandry. We pafled the evening in converfation of this fort.-The count fhewed me a map of his eftate, as it was when his father left it him. The extent is nine English miles one way, and inore than four another; but fomewhat indented. It is a fine variegated country of hill and dale, with fome mountains, well watered with rivers, ftreams, and lakes; and part of it nobly fpread with exceeding fine timber. This was the defcription he gave me of it on explaining the map. In the morning early, horfes were ready for us, and the count, riding fome miles from his cattle, came into a tract of cultivated country, all his own, at the extremity of his eftate, oppofite to the part on which the town is built. Here we rode through many valleys, and fides of hills, all cultivated, with great numbers of farmhoufes and cottages, the inhabitants of which feemed as easy, chearful, and happy, as if they had been refident in England inftead of Denmark; they all appeared to be pleased with the prefence of their lord, and I have no doubt but they esteem him as their father, as well as mafter. This part of my ettate, faid the count, addreffing himfelf to me, was cultivated of old, and it is all that was fo; I found it farmed by my father's bailiffs and villains, and the appearance it made was very uninviting, and the people extremely miferable; I arranged it R 3 a-new, a-new, formed most of the inclofures you fee, built most of these houfes; and to all the people that were induftrious and faving, I let farms according to their ability of living and ftocking; and I found very foon that this way of managing the land, brought me in a better revenue than the cultivating it on my own account; for the bailiffs I trufted, generally turned out great rafcals, and cheated me, at the fame time that they infinitely oppreffed the peasants. In my travels through England, I had fixed the defign of letting farms, from the great fuccefs I faw attending it there; I liked the plan every day better and better, and by giving encouragement to fuch as tilled their land well, and kept their farms in good order, and by fhewing no favour to idle perfons and flovens, I brought them to be wonderfully attentive, fo that at prefent I do not think you have many eftates in Scotland or Ireland better cultivated than this part of mine, and fome not better in England. I fhould, however, tell you, that I did not leave them to the cuftoms of their own country entirely, but procured workmen and implements from Flanders, to inftruct them in the practice of methods, to which they were unaccustomed. This I did not find fo difficult a bufinefs as might be expected; for very luckily the people-I procured were fenfible and intelligent, and pointed out with great propriety the courfes of management moft proper for the lands: our foil they thought not good nough for the Flemish crops of colefeed, madder, &c. but ought rather to be applied to the productions of wheat, barley, oats, peafe, beans, turnips, clover, &c. I was entirely of the fame opinion, and rewarded them for their advice, fending them home, after they had fully inftructed my Danes in the ufe of their implements; we have stuck very clofely to thefe ever fince, except the introduction of fome others from England, which have been likewife well approved by them. I have given premiums for the beft ploughmen; others, more confiderable, for the beft crops of all forts, and have been very attentive to spread among them the culture of turnips and clover, as the most advantageous means of wintering their herds of cattle. The attention of this fort, which I have given to their management, has been attended with great ef fects, for though I have been all over Denmark' more than once, I know scarcely any spot fo well cul tivated as this; and you will rea dily allow, that I have found the work profitable, when I tell you that great tracks of this improved land, yield me a rent of a ducat and half for an English acre; and fome of it two ducats, (which is from fourteen to eighteen fhillings) but it has not been to high rented many years; it hath been fo only fince the increase of my town has been confiderable, which, by providing them the market they fo much wanted, has enriched them all, and is a strong proof of the juftnefs of the principles upon which I firft undertook all my works." THE THE CONTENTS. HISTORY OF EUROPE. CHAP. I. Revolution in the political fyftem of Europe. Balance of power. In CHA P. II. Negociations for a peace. Armiflice concluded. Congrefs held at Foczani in Walachia. Count Orlow and Ofman Effendi are ap- pointed the principal plenipotentiaries. The congress breaks up with, out effect. The Grand Vizir renews the negociations with Gene- ral Romanzow. The Armiftice is renewed, and another congrefs opened at Bucharest. M. Obrefcow and the Reis Effendi are ap- pointed plenipotentiaries. Treaty between Ruffia and the Crims Tartars. Turky. Mouffon Oglou appointed Grand Vizir. Ali Bey is defeated and driven out of Egypt by Mahomet Aboudaab: flies into Syria, and is affectionately received by his friend the Cheik Daher; account of that extraordinary man : the war in Syria. Conduct of the partitioning powers. Enormous exactions and op- in politics and fentiments between the courts of Vienna and Berlin; probable effect of that junction upon the conduct of the court of Pe- terburgh. The Confederates furprize the cafle of Cracow; are befieged, and make a long defence in it. Marfbal Zaremba propofes to furrender upon terms; is refufed by the king, and received by the Ruffians. Royal falt-mines feized by the Auftrians. Joint mani- fefto prefented by the partitioning powers. Specification from the Emprefs-queen, of the countries which she propofed to feize upon. Specification from the Empress of Ruffia. Letters patent of the King of Pruffia, containing a deduction of his rights. Some obfervations Declaration from the king and the fenate of Poland. Its effects upon the partitioning powers; produces a fecond declaration from the court of Vienna. The king and the fenate, over-awed by the threats of the partitioning powers, confent to the affembling of a diet, and iffue circular letters for the convocation of an extraordinary council of the fenate. Wretched fate of the nobility and inhabitants of Poland. The king of Prussia, contrary to his declaration, feizes upon the territories, fuburbs, and revenues of the city of Dantzick; erects a custom-boufe at the harbour, and levies infupportable duties upon all commodities; foreign fhips flopped; injuries to the Britifb traders, contrary to treaty; grants deftructive monopolies; feizes upon the poft office; artful meafures to induce the magiftrates and citizens to furrender the city into his hands. The city of Thern op- preffed in the fame manner; noble fortitude of the inhabitants. Conduct of the partitioning powers with respect to the holding of a Some obfervations on the ancient and modern ftate of the Swedish go- vernment. Great change in the conftitution by Guftavus Vafa. The nobleness of Guftavus Adolphus's nature. Defpotifm fully sftablished by Charles XIth. Deplorable state of Sweden at the death of Charles the XIIth. Effects produced by the change of govern- ment which took place upon his deceafe. Bishop of Lubeck, father to the prefent king, elected prefumptive heir to the crown, upon death of the Queen Ulrica Eleanora. Conduct of the prefent king from his acceffion. Matters preparatory to the revolution. Revolt of the garrifon of Chriftianstadt, and manifefto published by them. Declaration publifhed by Prince Charles, the King's brother. Mea- fures taken by the fenate, and the fecret committee, for quelling the in- furrection, and approved of by the states. The revolution takes place in Stockholm, and is effected without tumult or blood. The ancient form of government abolished, and a new established by the King, in full affembly of the ftates. The revenues made perpetual, and all the powers of the state virtually lodged in the hands of the King. The Diet breaks up. Internal government of the kingdom, Re- wards and honours to those who diffinguished themselves in the CHAP. VI. Revolution in Denmark. Counts Struenfee and Brandt are confined in the Citadel; feveral members of the adminiftration imprisoned; the Queen fent to the Caftle of Cronenburgh. Grand commiffioners appointed for the trial of the ftate prifoners. Condemnation and exe- cution of Struenfee and Brandt. The Queen convoyed to Stade by a Small Squadron. Peace concluded between the Danes and Algerines. Reconciliation between the French King and the princes of the blood. Scarcity of provifions in many countries. Magnificence of the Situation of the miniftry. State of public affairs. Remonftrance from the city of London. State parties. Marriages in the Royal Family. Parliament meets. King's fpeech. CHAP. VIII. Bill for the relief of the Diffenters with respect to fubfcription; debates hereupon. Paffed by the Commons; but rejected by the Lords. Eaft-India Company bill, for regulating their fervants in India. Se- lect Committee on East-India affairs. Committee of enquiry into the behaviour of the Lords to the Commons. Corn bill. King's Speech. An Account of the number of felons, and other prisoners, who were in the gaol of Newgate, in the year 1772 The number of prisoners who died in Newgate in each year, from the st of January 1763, to the 31st of December 1772 [ibid. |