-Revival of the Agricultural Committee-Different Schemes proposed for a new system of Corn Laws-Lord Londonderry abandons the Scheme for a Loan to the Agricultural Interest-Different Schemes of Corn Laws, proposed by Sir T. Lethbridge, Mr. Bennet, Lord Althorp, Mr. Huskisson and Mr. Ricardo, rejected-Scheme proposed by Lord Londonderry adoptedMr. Western's Motion on the Currency; views of Mr. Huskisson and Mr. Attwood on that Subject—Mr. Western renews his Motion-State of our Manufactures-Five Acts passed for the Improvement of our Navigation Laws-Negotiation with the East India Company-Fees of Consuls. [98 CHAPTER VII. Finance-Reduction of the Navy 5 per Cents-Mr. Vansittart's plan for that purpose-Objections to it-Scheme for the payment of the Naval and Military Pensions, and Half-pay, and Civil Superannuations-True nature of the Scheme Delusion of Mr. Vansittart with respect to it-Debates on it-Mr. Hume's Amendment rejected-The Scheme is approved by Parliament-Fails for want of Contractors-It is re-modelled by Ministers and carried into effect-Scheme for the Reduction of Salaries, and the Creation of a Superannuation Fund-Repeal of the Annual Malt DutyMr. Calcraft's Motion for the repeal of the Salt-tax lost by a Majority of Four-The Two junior Lords of the Admiralty reduced by a Majority of Fifty-four-Two Motions for the Reduction of One of the Two Postmasters General-The Second Motion carried by a Majority of Fifteen-Mr. Creevey's Motion on the Board of Control is rejected-Two Motions on our Diplomatic Expenditure are rejected-Further Reduction of TaxesThe Salt Tax-Leather Tax-Tonnage Duty-Irish Window and Hearth Tax-Estimates-Budget of the Year-Mr. Hume's Resolutions relative to our Financial System-Vote for the Printing of our Ancient Historians. [127 CHAPTER VIII. Foreign Relations-Question of Interference in behalf of the Greeks-Lord Grosvenor's Motion concerning the Sciote Hostages-Lord Liverpool's account of our Policy towards the Turks and Greeks-Our relations to the States of South America-The Slave Trade-Slavery at the Cape of Good Hope-West-Indian Piracy-Alien Bill-The Ionian Islands-Bills relating to the Trade and Government of Canada-Colonial CommissionReport of the Commissioners on the Colony of New South Wales. CHAPTER IX. [157 Motions respecting Sir Robert Wilson's Dismissal-The Queen's FuneralMr. Hunt's Imprisonment-The Conduct of the Bishop of PeterboroughProrogation of Parliament, and Speech from the Throne-His Majesty's Visit to Scotland-Death of Lord Londonderry-His Funeral-His Character-Mr. Canning succeeds him-Other Official Appointments— Foreign Stocks. CHAPTER X. [177 FRANCE-Opening of the Session of the Chambers in November 1821Budget for 1822-Anti-Ministerial Address to the King voted by the Chamber of Deputies-Opposition of the Ministers to this Address King's Answer-Resignation of the Duc de Richelieu and his ColleaguesNew and Ultra-Royalist Ministry-Causes of the downfall of the late Ministry-Various Discussions in the Chamber of Deputies-M. de Peyronnet brings forward a Law for regulating Journals and Periodical Writings-Mode in which the proposal of this Law was received-Remarks on its Nature-Law for the General Regulation of the Press-Character of the Debates on these Laws in the Chamber of Deputies-Talleyrand's Speech against them-They are passed by large Majorities-Opening of a new Session of the Chambers in June 1822-Estimated Budget for 1823Debates on Commercial Policy, on the internal Police of the Country, and on the Policy of France towards Spain-Remarkable Language held by the Minister for Foreign Affairs on the Subject of Spain-Remarks on the conduct of the Opposition in the Chamber of Deputies during the present year -Internal disturbances-Conspiracies at Saumur and Belfort-Caron's Conspiracy-Conspiracies at Toulon, Rochefort, Brest, and Nantes— General Berton's Conspiracy; its origin and progress; it breaks out at Thouars; Berton marches upon Saumur; his failure-Trial of Berton and his Associates-Circumstances connected with this Trial; attempt to implicate some eminent Members of the Opposition in Berton's projects; punishment of an Advocate for refusing to defend Berton-Conspiracy of La Rochelle-Its alleged Connection with the System of the Carbonari; its Origin; its Discovery; Trial of the Conspirators-Remarks on these Trials-Numerous and Intemperate Prosecutions for Offences of the Press -Violent jealousy of the French Ministry-Tumults in Paris-Changes in the Subordinate Functionaries-New Elections of Deputies-Congress of Verona-Subjects of Discussion at the Congress-Results of the Congress-The conduct of France towards Spain-Difference of views between M. de Montmorency and M. de Villèle-Resignation of M. de Montmorency-Note of M. de Villèle to the French Ambassador at Madrid. [187 CHAPTER XI. Kingdom of the NETHERLANDS-Agricultural distress-Proceedings of the States-general-Military Expedition in Sumatra-Commerce of the Eastern Colonies of the Netherlands-GERMANY: Prohibitory Commercial System towards France adopted by Bavaria, Wirtemburg, &c.-German West-Indian Company-Circular of the Court of Vienna to the Members of the German Confederation-Secret Societies-Prussian Loan-RUSSIA: Symptoms of Political Fermentation in Poland-Russian Army-Suppression of Secret Societies-New Tariff-New Loan-Scheme for preventing the Evils of occasional Dearths-Siberia-Russian Pretensions on the North-Western Coast of America. [222 CHAPTER XII. SPAIN-State of Spain in the beginning of the year-Submission of Cadiz and the other refractory Cities-Resignation of the Ministers-Barcelona -Valencia-The Cortes-Discussions on the relations between Spain and South America-Tumults-Dissolution of the Extraordinary Cortes-New Ministry-Opening of the New Cortes-Budget of the Year-Disturbances at Pampeluna, Madrid, Lorca, Valencia-Accusatory Address of the Cortes to the King-Decrees showing a jealousy of France-Prorogation of the Cortes-Disturbances in Madrid-Assassination of Landaburu→→ Mutiny of the Guards-Their Defeat-Negotiations with the King-Final surrender of the Guards-Revolt of the Carabineers at Cordova-Plot at Cadiz-Address of the Municipality of Madrid to the King-Appointment of an ultra-liberal Ministry-Banishments-Trial and Execution of Elio-- Remarks on this Proceeding-The Armies of the Faith-Their progress in Navarre, Catalonia, and Arragon-Establishment of a Regency at Seo d'Urgel-Situation of the Armies of the Faith in the beginning of Sep- tember-Mina is appointed to 'Command in Catalonia-Operations of Mina and D'Eroles-Castelfollit taken by the Constitutionalists and destroyed-Quesada Defeated-O'Donnel's Proclamation— Mina enters Puycerda and Llivia-Flight of the Regency of Urgel-Siege of Seo d'Urgel-Progress made in the interior Provinces in the Suppression of Insurrection-Convocation and Opening of an Extraordinary Cortes- Revival of popular Clubs-Law to regulate them-Report on the State of Spain-Measures adopted with a view to the Resistance of Foreign Aggression-Arbitrary Punishments and Prosecutions for Political CHAPTER XIII. PORTUGAL-State of the Relations between Portugal and the Brazils- Decrees of the Cortes ordering separate Provincial Governments to be Established, and the Prince to return to Europe-Addresses to the Prince from Santo Paulo, and the Camara of Rio Janeiro-The Prince determines to remain in the Brazils-Opposition of the Portuguese Troops-They are embarked for Europe-The Portuguese Troops are sent away from Per- nambuco--Decree of the 16th of February, creating a Council of Repre- sentatives-New Title assumed by the Prince Regent-Council of Repre- sentatives assembles-Declaration of Brazilian Sovereignty, and Convoca- tion of a Constituent and Legislative Assembly-Formal Declaration of Independence The Prince is declared Emperor of Brazil-The Portuguese Troops at Bahia retain Military Possession of that Place-Transactions at Bahia-The Garrison of Monte Video adhere to Portugal-Three succes- sive Sets of Resolutions adopted by the Cortes of Lisbon in reference to three different Stages in the Course of Affairs in the Brazils-The Consti- tution completed and sworn to by the King at Lisbon-The Queen refuses. to take the Oath to the Constitution-Harsh Proceedings towards her- Termination of the Constituent Cortes-Arbitrary Imprisonments- Alleged Conspiracy-Symptoms of Discontent among the Garrison of CHAPTER XIV. ITALY NAPLES-SARDINIA-IONIAN ISLANDS TURKEY-Death of Ali Pacha-Greek Constitution-Blockade declared by the Greek Congress- Military Operations in Albania and the Morea-Naval Operations- Devastation of Scio, and Murder of the Hostages-Disaster of the Turkish Fleet, and Death of the Capitan Pasha-Turkish Cruelties in Cyprus-- Negotiations with Russia-The Turkish Troops withdrawn from Wallachia and Moldavia-Insurrections of the Janissaries-Dismissal and Death of Haleb Effendi and his Party-Origin and Progress of the Persian War- CHAPTER XV. Russia, with respect to the Treaty of Ghent-Commercial Relations with France-Their Revenue-President's Speech-COLUMBIA-Siege of Porto Cabello-Operations of Morales-Quito submits to Bolivar-Zea's Pro- ceedings in Europe-PERU-Military Operation and Positions of San Martin and the Spaniards-San Martin's Assumption of Power-Separa- tion of Lord Cochrane from San Martin-CHILI-The Congress-Dismissal of the Supreme Director-Appointment of a Junta-BUENOS AYRES MEXICO Iturbide proclaimed Emperor-Discontent-Iturbide's Tyranny -HAYTI-PORTO RICO-Affray with the Chinese; and interruption of |