History of Rome: Down to the Age of ConstantineSpringer, 18 thg 6, 1975 - 694 trang |
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Italy | 2 |
CHAPTER | 3 |
The Transition to Absolute Monarchy | 4 |
The Emperors and their Executive | 5 |
Financial Reforms | 6 |
CHAPTER | 7 |
Bronze Age | 8 |
GREEKS AND ETRUSCANS IN EARLY ITALY | 16 |
Manufactures and Trade | 300 |
70 | 302 |
Social Life | 303 |
Architecture and Art | 304 |
Latin Literature Poetry | 308 |
Latin Prose Writers | 309 |
Science and Philosophy | 311 |
PART V | 314 |
The Greeks 2 Who were the Etruscans? | 17 |
Etruscan Civilisation | 21 |
Etruscan Expansion | 26 |
CHAPTER 4 | 31 |
Rome The Site of the City | 34 |
The Origins of Rome The Traditional Story | 35 |
The Origins of Rome From Village to City | 37 |
The Roman Conquest of Italy | 38 |
The City | 39 |
Economic Conditions under the Kings 4 Early Roman Religion 5 Social and Political Groupings | 41 |
The Monarchy | 50 |
Military and Political Developments | 52 |
Rome and her Neighbours | 54 |
The End of Etruscan Rome | 55 |
CHAPTER 6 | 57 |
Oral Tradition | 60 |
THE CONFLICT OF THE ORDERS THE FIRST STAGE 1 The First Republican Constitution | 62 |
Economic Conditions | 63 |
The Plebeian Counterorganisation | 64 |
The Twelve Tables | 66 |
Plebeian Advances | 68 |
Rome and Latium CHAPTER 8 | 70 |
The Conquest of Veii | 71 |
The Siege of Rome by the Gauls | 72 |
CHAPTER 9 | 75 |
Economic Legislation | 76 |
Plebeian Victories | 77 |
The PatricioPlebeian Nobility | 78 |
The Resultant Constitution | 79 |
Conclusion | 83 |
CHAPTER 10 | 84 |
The Oscanspeaking Sabellians | 87 |
The First Samnite War and the Great Latin | 88 |
The Second Samnite | 90 |
The Third Samnite | 92 |
The War with Tarentum and Pyrrhus | 94 |
CHAPTER 11 | 97 |
3 | 98 |
The Political Organisation of Italy | 103 |
Economic Conditions in Rome and Italy | 106 |
Architecture and Art 7 Social and Religious Life | 108 |
PART III | 111 |
CHAPTER 12 | 113 |
The Carthaginian State | 115 |
The Affair of Messana | 116 |
The Growth of Roman War Aims | 117 |
The Invasion of Africa | 118 |
Later Operations in Sicily | 119 |
The First Punic War Conclusion 8 The Seizure of Sardinia and Corsica 9 The Last Gallic Invasion | 121 |
CHAPTER 18 | 122 |
The Illyrian Wars | 123 |
CHAPTER 13 | 124 |
The Affair of Saguntum | 125 |
Hannibals Invasion of Italy Cannae | 127 |
The Roman Effort after Cannae | 129 |
Sequel of the War in Italy | 130 |
The War in Greece and Sicily | 131 |
CHAPTER 14 | 138 |
The Final Reduction of Cisalpine Gaul | 139 |
The Ligurian Wars | 140 |
The Spanish Wars 197179 B C | 141 |
The Spanish Wars 154133 B C | 143 |
Rome Carthage and Numidia | 147 |
The Third Punic | 148 |
CHAPTER 15 | 150 |
The First Macedonian | 154 |
Antiochus III and the Aetolians | 156 |
The Third Macedonian | 157 |
The Fourth Macedonian | 159 |
Rome and the Greek Homeland | 160 |
CHAPTER 16 | 161 |
The First Roman Campaign in Asia | 163 |
The First Roman Settlement of Asia | 164 |
The Romans in Asia Minor down to 129 B C | 165 |
Relations with Syria and Egypt | 166 |
CHAPTER 17 | 169 |
The Status of the Provincial Communities | 171 |
The Provincial Governors 4 Conscription and Taxation in the Provinces | 172 |
The Defects of Roman Rule in the Provinces | 174 |
Attempts at Reform | 175 |
DOMESTIC POLITICS IN THE SECOND CENTURY 1 The Popular Assemblies | 177 |
The New Nobility | 179 |
Political Groups at Rome | 180 |
The Executive | 181 |
Financial Administration | 182 |
The City of Rome | 183 |
Foreign Affairs The Army | 184 |
CHAPTER 19 | 186 |
Slave Labour on the Land | 187 |
Industry and Commerce | 188 |
Roman Private Life | 190 |
The City of Rome | 192 |
Roman and Italian Art | 194 |
Early Prose Literature | 196 |
Science and Philosophy | 197 |
Religion | 198 |
THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC | 200 |
139 | 203 |
The Gracchan Land Law | 204 |
The First Senatorial Reaction | 205 |
The First Italian Franchise Bill | 206 |
The Social Reforms of Gaius Gracchus | 207 |
The Second Senatorial Reaction | 209 |
The Conquest of Narbonese Gaul | 210 |
CHAPTER 21 | 212 |
Affairs in the Eastern Mediterranean | 213 |
The War against Jugurtha The First Phase | 214 |
The War against Jugurtha Metellus and Marius | 215 |
The Invasion of the Northmen | 217 |
Saturninus and Mariuss Sixth Consulship | 219 |
The Scipios in Spain 8 The War in Africa | 220 |
CHAPTER 22 | 222 |
The Rebel Italian Confederacy | 223 |
The Italian War | 225 |
The Tribunate of Sulpicius Rufus | 226 |
The Capture of Rome by Sulla and by Cinna | 227 |
The Rule of Cinna | 228 |
CHAPTER 23 | 230 |
The First Mithridatic War | 233 |
Sullas Settlement The Proscriptions | 234 |
Sullas Constitutional Legislation | 235 |
Sullaa Place in Roman History | 237 |
CHAPTER 24 | 239 |
The Rebellion of Lepidus and its Aftermath | 240 |
The War against Q Sertorius | 241 |
The Slave War in Italy | 242 |
Crassus Caesar and Catiline | 244 |
The Conspiracy of Catiline | 246 |
62 | 248 |
The Campaigns of Lucullus in Armenia | 252 |
66 | 254 |
70 | 256 |
72 | 258 |
The First Crisis in the Triumvirate | 265 |
Dyrrhachium and Pharsalus | 271 |
Caesars Foreign Policy Miscellaneous Reforms | 278 |
The Philippics of Cicero and the War of Mutina | 284 |
Octavians Coup dÉtat and Pact with Antony | 286 |
The Proscriptions and the Campaign of Philippi | 288 |
The Wars of Perusia and Brundisium | 290 |
Octavians War against Sextus Pompeius | 292 |
Antony in the East | 294 |
The War of Actium | 295 |
Conclusion | 298 |
CHAPTER 29 | 299 |
CHAPTER 30 | 315 |
Augustuss Second Settlement | 319 |
The New Executive | 321 |
The City of Rome | 322 |
Italy | 327 |
Social Legislation | 328 |
The Ludi Saeculares | 329 |
CHAPTER 31 | 331 |
Asia Minor and the Euphrates | 333 |
Western Europe | 334 |
The Danube Lands | 336 |
Military Reforms | 338 |
The Provinces | 339 |
Financial Administration | 342 |
The Succession | 343 |
Summary of Augustuss Principate | 344 |
Conclusion | 347 |
CHAPTER 32 | 351 |
Caligula 3741 | 354 |
Claudius 4154 | 355 |
Nero 5468 | 357 |
Constitutional Developments | 360 |
Finance | 362 |
Rome and Italy | 363 |
CHAPTER 33 | 366 |
Judaea | 367 |
Armenia and Parthia | 368 |
The Danube Lands | 370 |
The Conquest of Britain | 371 |
The Provinces | 374 |
Conclusion | 375 |
CHAPTER 34 | 377 |
Industry and Trade | 379 |
Urban Life | 382 |
Architecture and Art | 385 |
Literature General Conditions | 393 |
Latin Poetry | 394 |
Latin Prose | 395 |
Religion | 397 |
CHAPTER 35 | 402 |
Galba | 403 |
71 | 404 |
Otho | 405 |
Vitellius | 406 |
Conclusion | 408 |
CHAPTER 36 | 409 |
Constitutional Changes | 410 |
General Administration | 412 |
The Jewish War | 415 |
The Revolt of Civilis and Classicus | 418 |
Further Conquest in Britain | 420 |
The Rhine and Danube Frontiers | 421 |
76 | 422 |
The Provinces | 423 |
CHAPTER 37 | 425 |
Constitutional Changes | 427 |
Municipal Government | 429 |
Imperial Finance | 430 |
The Provinces | 432 |
99 | 434 |
Africa | 435 |
Armenia and Parthia | 438 |
Judaea | 439 |
Dacia | 441 |
103 | 443 |
140 | 444 |
The Roman Army | 448 |
Conclusion | 449 |
CHAPTER 39 | 451 |
Industry and Trade | 453 |
The Growth of Cities | 458 |
Architecture | 459 |
106 | 473 |
77 | 475 |
Art | 476 |
Social Life | 478 |
The Spread of Latin and Greek | 479 |
Latin Poetry | 481 |
Philosophy and Religion | 482 |
Education and Letters 5 Latin and Greek Literature 6 Religions | 483 |
The Spread of Christianity | 484 |
The Opposition to Christianity | 486 |
Conclusion | 488 |
CHAPTER 40 | 489 |
The Civil Wars of 193197 | 490 |
The Military Policy of Septimius Severus | 492 |
The Internal Reforms of Septimius Severus | 493 |
Caracalla 211217 | 496 |
Severus Alexander 222235 | 498 |
The Severan Age | 499 |
THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE | 506 |
CHAPTER 41 | 507 |
The Empire Invaded | 509 |
The Frontiers Restored | 512 |
545 | 545 |
THE ROMAN EMPIRE RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 1 The End of the Empire in the West | 550 |
Decline and Fall | 551 |
Physical Causes of the Decline | 552 |
Social and Political Causes of the Decline 5 Survivals of the Roman Empire | 553 |
Chronological Table | 559 |
107 | 563 |
84 | 564 |
Some Cornelii Aemilii and Sempronii Gracchi | 572 |
Some Metelli Claudii | 573 |
The JulioClaudian dynasty | 574 |
| 575 | |
List of Abbreviations | 576 |
Notes and References | 577 |
141 | 580 |
Glossary Index | 590 |
108 | 593 |
87 | 600 |
Literary Sources 31 31 | 602 |
147 | 606 |
571 | 607 |
90 | 614 |
34 | 616 |
148 | 617 |
94 | 618 |
37 | 619 |
41 | 622 |
42 | 623 |
48 | 625 |
49 | 626 |
50 | 627 |
113 | 628 |
154 | 641 |
116 | 648 |
52 | 649 |
117 | 653 |
118 | 654 |
156 | 656 |
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Thuật ngữ và cụm từ thông dụng
Africa Agrippa allies ancient Antiochus Antony Armenia Asia Minor attack Augustus Augustus's Aurelius battle became Caesar campaign Campania carried Carthage Carthaginian Christian Cicero Claudius Coin Comitia command conquests Constantine consul consulship Crassus cult Dacia Danube death defeated Diocletian Domitian Drusus early East eastern emperor Etruria Etruscan force Forum fourth century frontier further Gaius Gallic Gaul gave governor Greece Greek Hadrian hand Hannibal imperial Italian Italy king land later Latin colony Latium legions Livy magistrates Marius Mediterranean ment military Mithridates named Nero northern Octavian organised Parthian patrician peace plebeians political Polybius Pompey praetor praetorian probably provinces Punic quaestors reform reign Republic Rhine Roman army Roman Empire Rome Rome's Samnites Scipio second century Second Punic War Senate senatorial settlement Severus Sicily soldiers southern Spain Sulla's Syria temple territory Tiberius tion took towns tradition Trajan treaty tribes tribune Triumvirate troops Vespasian victory