A History of Western Civilization ... |
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HENRY III REFORMS THE PAPACY The only power in Europe that was strong enough to prevent the disintegration of the Church was the ... spiritual , and administrative reform that spanned the tenth , eleventh , and twelfth centuries .
HENRY III REFORMS THE PAPACY The only power in Europe that was strong enough to prevent the disintegration of the Church was the ... spiritual , and administrative reform that spanned the tenth , eleventh , and twelfth centuries .
Trang 333
THE COLLEGE OF CARDINALS IS FORMED Nicholas II ( 1059-1061 ) , elected through the influence of Hildebrand and the support of the reform party in Rome , brought about a most important change in the procedure of papal elections .
THE COLLEGE OF CARDINALS IS FORMED Nicholas II ( 1059-1061 ) , elected through the influence of Hildebrand and the support of the reform party in Rome , brought about a most important change in the procedure of papal elections .
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CARTHUSIANS The great increase in religious fervor caused by two centuries of Cluniac reform led to so much dissatisfaction with the weakness and luxury of Benedictine monasteries that the twelfth century saw the foundation of new ...
CARTHUSIANS The great increase in religious fervor caused by two centuries of Cluniac reform led to so much dissatisfaction with the weakness and luxury of Benedictine monasteries that the twelfth century saw the foundation of new ...
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GROWTH OF IDEALS OF LIBERTY | 1 |
Cleisthenes | 23 |
The Peloponnesian | 35 |
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administration ancient Arabic army attempt authority barbarian became began bishops brought Byzantine caused central Chapters Christian Church civilization common continued court crusades culture decline early East eastern economic effect elected emperor England English established Europe European existence fact feudal finally followed forced formed fourteenth France French gave German gradually greatest Greek growth hands hundred ideas imperial important increased independent influence interest Italian Italy king kingdom known land later Latin learning literature lived lord mediaeval Middle Ages military natural nobility nobles organization papacy peace period Persian political pope practice religion religious result Roman Empire Rome royal rule showed social Spain struggle successful theory third thirteenth century tion took towns trade twelfth universal West western western Europe