A History of Western Civilization ... |
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At no time had the situation of the papacy been more scandalous . The political character of the papacy overshadowed the religious . a THE PAPACY DEGRADED BY ROMANS : TENTH CENTURY The pope was powerless to reform the depraved customs ...
At no time had the situation of the papacy been more scandalous . The political character of the papacy overshadowed the religious . a THE PAPACY DEGRADED BY ROMANS : TENTH CENTURY The pope was powerless to reform the depraved customs ...
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An even more dangerous and tenacious adversary of the temporal power of the papacy was the commune of Rome . From the middle of the twelfth century , a party that favored municipal autonomy had gained strength .
An even more dangerous and tenacious adversary of the temporal power of the papacy was the commune of Rome . From the middle of the twelfth century , a party that favored municipal autonomy had gained strength .
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supremacy over the papacy . The pope had summoned Frederick to Rome to aid him in the struggle against Arnold of Brescia ( 1154 ) , and , in return for imperial help , he decided to make Frederick Holy Roman Emperor .
supremacy over the papacy . The pope had summoned Frederick to Rome to aid him in the struggle against Arnold of Brescia ( 1154 ) , and , in return for imperial help , he decided to make Frederick Holy Roman Emperor .
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GROWTH OF IDEALS OF LIBERTY | 1 |
Cleisthenes | 23 |
The Peloponnesian | 35 |
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