Ananas

absorption acid Agric Ananas comosus application areas Brix Bromeliaceae cannery caused chemical colour COMBRES concentration consequently Côte-d'Ivoire crowns cycle density depends disease dry matter effect ethephon export factors favourable fertilizer flesh floral differentiation flower induction fresh fruit fruit fruit quality fruit weight fruitlets fungicides growth GUEROUT Hawaii herbicides increase infection inflorescence irrigation Ivory Coast juice kg/ha LACOEUILHE larvae leaf leaves limited Martinique mealy bugs meristem method mg/kg months mother plant nematodes nitrogen nutrition parasites particularly pathogen peduncle period pests Phytophthora pineapple cultivation pineapple plants plant crop plant nutrition plantation planting material plastic mulch potassium production quantities rainfall ratoon crop reduced root system satisfactory SIDERIS Smooth Cayenne soil South Africa species spray stage stem suckers sulphate supply symphylids symptoms TABLE TEISSON temperature tion TISSEAU transport treatment trichomes varies vegetative weeds yield